Accounting and Finance 992 Supermarkets

Question: Depict about the Accounting and Finance for 992 Supermarkets. Answer: Presentation: The report talks about the center working exercises of the Woolworths Limited, and the advancement of organization against its key plans. It additionally envelops the conversation about the issues rising up out of the chairpersons report, overseeing executives report, and corporate duty report. Alongside this, it dissects the key money related proportions of the Woolworths Ltd and assesses the worth production of the organization regarding six capital throughout the year. Aside from this, it gives some proposal with respect to improving its proportion and evacuating the issues developed in the organization. Woolworths Limited: Introduction and center working exercises Woolworths Limited is an Australian retail organization established in 1924 with the ostensible capital of AUD 44063 (Woolworths constrained, 2015). It is positioned the second biggest Australian organization as far as income. The organization procures the most piece of its all out benefit from the markets and supermarkets in Australia. The Woolworths Ltd. is given occupation to around 190000 representatives over the Australian economy. The Woolworths Ltd. contains markets and petroleum, alcohol, Big W, ace home improvement, Hotels, monetary help, Woolworths reward and ezibuy. Grocery stores and Petrol: The organization possesses around 992 general stores, 5 Thomas Dux supermarkets, 184 Countdown markets (in New Zealand), and 530 gas stations' (IBIS WOrld, 2016). Try Drinks Group: Woolworths maintain its business of alcohol online just as disconnected. 'Dan Murphys, BWS, Cellarmasters, Langtons and winemarket.com.au. are the primary direct of the organization in selling alcohol items (Annual Report, 2015). Huge W: The Woolworths restricted has approx 186 Big W markdown retail establishments over the Australia (IBIS WOrld, 2016). Equipment, programming, wellbeing excellence items, books and writing material, homewares, toys, athletic gear, apparel, recorded media, car merchandise and pet food' are the fundamental items which are sold under the brand name of Big W stores. Bosses Home Improvement: This brand was created by the organization in the year 2011 that retails approx 35,000 items both disconnected and on the web (Annual Report, 2015). Paint, kitchens and kitchen machines, restroom and plumbing supplies, ground surface and tiles, lighting and fans, building supplies and wood, stockpiling and cleaning supplies, designing materials, electrical and equipment things and cultivating and open air living items are sold under the ace home improvement brand of the organization. Inns: The Woolworths Limited likewise works around 331 lodgings and cafés over the Australian economy with most of its auxiliary, Australian Leisure Hospitality Group (IBIS WOrld, 2016). Money related Services: The Woolworths cash involves Woolworths Money, which offers the monetary types of assistance, which incorporates gift vouchers, Mastercards, reloadable Master Cards and exchanged protection items in the Australia (IBIS WOrld, 2016). Woolworths Rewards: The organization was begun the Woolworths Reward in 2007 all through the Australia that gives the compensation in types of limits and some other exceptional offers. Ezibuy: Ezibuy gives the office of purchasing the attire and homeware on the web and disconnected. It is the main brand of the Woolworths in clothing and homeware inventory showcase (IBIS WOrld, 2016). Progress of organization against its vital need: The Woolworths Ltd. is advancing on its procedure need adequately. The organization has decided its need to be driving association in food and alcohol industry, to expand the abundance of its investors, and to keep the record of the Woolworths execution to go into new organizations (Woolworths Limited, 2015). The organization advanced on these needs. The organization had expanded net gain, expanded deals, and piece of the overall industry. The organization conveyed exceptional administrations and pleased its clients by giving the quality items at a sound value that gave the sparing of $750 to its clients. It smoothens the way toward shopping and furnishes the clients with simple access to stores with the assistance of web based business. It serves in excess of 2 billion clients for each day. The organization ran a crusade all the more sparing each day, which gave the extreme decrease in the cost by 2.9%. it sprung a crusade direct from ranchers that gives the newness to the alcohol o ffering of the organization that made the deals and benefit of the organization increment. It built up a mall, which was recorded independently on the ASX that helped the organization in raising the capital of $500 million, which was utilized in getting the 34 new inns for the lodging division of the organization (Annual Report, 2015). This furnished the organization with the stunning advancement on its methodology. The organization advanced the internet shopping by ezibuy that expanded the business income of the organization. Aside from this, the organization put resources into the brilliant flexibly chain that helped for the most part the home improvement and Big W division of the organization. Alongside this, it built up a database framework in which it records the client information, which encourages it in following the necessities and wants of clients. Issues rising up out of chairpersons report: The administrator of the Woolworths Mr. Gordon Cairns uncovered a few issues in its report that the organization looked during the year 2015. The issues developed during the financial year 2015 represented an unfriendly circumstance against the organization that is the reason the monetary year 2015 was stayed with extremely trying for the. From the report, it is discovered that the organization took up certain adjustments in the structure of the organization to expand the client administrations with the end goal of giving them more prominent fulfillment and to build the gainfulness of the organization. The organization fabricates some urgent changes in the senior supervisory group that influenced the center point of ability and aptitudes in the association (Annual Report, 2015). Since each new individuals acquire a few changes the association as they need to apply their own way to deal with the activity of the business. This jeopardized the issue of setting up the coordination and co llaboration among the colleagues as new individuals were recruited in the administration. Aside from this, the organization likewise changed its system with the expectation of improving the item conveyance to furnish the client with incredible experience of shopping in the retail location of the organization. It moved toward a model lean retailing which likewise influenced the deals of the organization in the monetary year 2015. Aside from this, Mr. Gordon Cairns expressed that the organization got its gathering deals diminished by 0.2 percent in 2015 that was the aftereffect of declined deals of fuel and the normal cost of fuel deals. Be that as it may, the benefit of the organization has expanded, the organization has confronted a few issues in meeting its objective with respect to the piece of the pie and cost cutting. The working expense of the organization was somewhat expanded in the financial year 2015 over the earlier year. Issues rising up out of the report of Managing Director: The Managing Director of the Woolworths Limited recognized that even the organization picked up in 2015 yet not huge over the earlier year according to the objective was chosen about. The opposition level expanded in the market, which represented the solid circumstance against the Woolworths. It was confronted the opposition from the current just as the new access to the market. The unsettling influence in the worldwide economy, just as the declination of the monetary exercises, was influenced the development of the Woolworths. The languid market development of the economy because of downturn influenced the development of the Woolworths. Alongside this, the overseeing chief told that the Woolworths Limited was bombed in supporting the impact of the adjustment in intrigue and swapping scale that was influenced its development and benefit in the worldwide economy (Annual Report, 2015). Aside from this, there are a few guidelines limited by the administration, which the organization needs to agree to. These guidelines given the cost expanded to the activity of the organization. It is likewise discovered that the organization was confronted issues in improving the client involvement with the malls and its stores because of its administration insufficiency. Moreover, the organization doesn't claim the successful appropriation framework that can give the product and conveyance of items to its clients and stores. It influences the piece of the overall industry and the deals of the organization. The organization had the hazard identified with the failure of the organization in conveying the items to the clients at that point . Issues rising up out of the Corporate Responsibility Report: The Woolworths Limited is working under the supportability methodology since eight-year that it created to be the main association in the retail business and improve the client involvement with retail locations. The organization came to its objectives it chose under its corporate duty however flopped in accomplishing the target of zero waste food to landfill in 2015. It confronted issues identifying with the human, decent variety of culture, condition and activity in achieving its corporate obligations (Corporate Responsibility, 2015). The organization was set up a lean model that was planned to diminish the food waste to landfill. Yet, because of the operational wastefulness of the organization, the model bombed in accomplishing the goal. Key Financial proportions: Kinds of Ratio Equation Count of proportion Current proportion Current resources/Current liabilities 7,660.9/9,168.6 = 0.84 Exchange receivable Deals/account holders and receivables 60868.40/885.2 = 68.76 Exchange receivable Deals/account holders and receivables 60868.40/885.2 = 68.76 Resource turnover Deals income/Total resources 60868.40/25,336.8 =2.40 Stock Turn Over Cost of products sold/Inventory 44,344.8/4,872.2 =9.10 Net benefit Net benefit/Net sal

The Joy Luck Club Essays (1072 words) - Chinatown, San Francisco

The Joy Luck Club The Joy Luck Club By Amy Tan Is it reasonable for judge somebody by their sex? In customary Chinese culture, numerous decisions were made about an individual just by watching their sex. The lady was looked upon as a sub-par being. They had almost no status in the public arena, and little was normal from them. They were oppressed when they attempted to go to bat for themselves. Chinese culture was usually male overwhelmed. The male was relied upon to do the greater part of the work, and the lady was required to remain at home with their mouth shut. This custom leaves an unwanted inclination in a lady's heart. They feel like nobody cares, and it makes it a lot harder to live with an idealistic view on life. In the novel, The Joy Luck Club, by Amy Tan, surveys the lives of three Chinese ladies, Ann-Mei Hsu, Lindo Jong, what's more, Ying St. Clair. These ladies experience childhood in customary Chinese homes, where there is sexism. They manage major issues that degenerate their lives. Through persistence and the progression of time their lives come back to ordinary. Ann-Mei, Lindo, and Ying are enslaved by guys on account of their sex, and Chinese custom. Ann-Mei was abused from numerous points of view. Her mom was welcome to invest energy at the home of a well off trader named Wu Tsing. Around evening time he would come into Ann-Mei's mom's room and assault her. In spite of sincerely startling Ann-Mei this shows the absence of regard for a ladies in China. Ann-Mei's mom is constrained into concubinage in light of her absence of intensity as a ladies. She turns into the third spouse. As a third spouse she keeps up almost no status in the home of Wu Tsing. Ann-Mei's family repudiates her mom on the grounds that by turning into a third spouse she has carried disgrace to her family. ?At the point when I was a little youngster in China, my grandma revealed to me my mom was a apparition?. Ann-Mei is educated to overlook concerning her mom and proceed onward in her life. The way that Ann-Mei is advised to overlook her mom since she has become something she proved unable control, is ludicrous. She was assaulted and constrained into concubinage. The absence of thankfulness for a female causes this sentiment of disgrace for the Mei family. Since assault and polygamy is acknowledged in China, it causes it to give the idea that what Ann-Mei's mom has done is wrong, and what Wu Tsing did was correct and ordinary. Ann-Mei's little girl Rose, harvests the disservices of being a lady since she feels that she can't decide. ?...Ted chosen where we took some time off. He chose what new furniture we ought to buy...We used to talk about a portion of these issues, however we both realized the inquiry would come down to my platitude, ?Ted, you choose.'? This shows Rose's incapacity to be self-assured, and her reliance on a male. The life of Ann-Mei exhibited how ladies were underestimated in the public arena. The narrative of Lindo Jong allegorizes how ladies were oppressed. At the exceptionally youthful age of twelve, Lindo is pledged to Tyan-yu. This is a case of the irrelevance of a female's emotions. No one needs to have a masterminded marriage. Marriage is hallowed, and should be practiced by two individuals who are infatuated with one another. This is a demonstration of extraordinary shamefulness to Lindo. This shows how an acknowledged Chinese practice is in fact terrible toward the female sex. ?I [Lindo] once yielded my life to keep my folks' guarantee?. Here, Lindo is discussing her masterminded, cold marriage. Chinese custom is confining Lindo from being her own individual, and living her own life. She can't settle on her own choices. Lindo is so ready to forfeit her life so as to protect the respect of her folks. There is no respect in compelling somebody to be troubled. On another note, Lindo was immediately accused for not having youngsters. As a matter of fact, their absence of posterity came about because of Tyan-yu's absence of communication with Lindo. It was incomprehensible for Lindo to go to bat for herself in light of the fact that regardless, the male would be accepted over the female. Lindo is an ideal case of how Chinese custom disallowed the female

Improve Your Critical Thinking Skills with the Corson Technique

Improve Your Critical Thinking Skills with the Corson Technique EP 39: Improve Your Critical Thinking Skills with the Corson Technique EP 39: Improve Your Critical Thinking Skills with the Corson Technique As we move towards a world where there is increased access to technology and a variety of information there is a need to develop critical thinking skills. What better way to do this than to practice while you are in university or college? On Episode 39 we will discuss the Corson technique, a method of critical thinking that you can implement into your life and your college courses right away. Looking for study tips, help with essay writing, or advice on how to be a better student? Welcome to The Homework Help Show, a weekly show where we teach, assist, and offer valuable insights for student life. From study hacks to writing tips, discussions about student mental health to step-by-step guides on academic writing and how to write a resume, weve got you covered. Want your questions answered? Write them below or join the conversation on social media using the hashtag #askHHG TRANSCRIPT: Cath Anne: [00:00:00] Hi guys and welcome back to our channel. My name is Cath Anne: and this is episode 39 of the Homework Help Show hosted by Homework Help Global. [00:00:10] On this show we provide you with valuable content for your academic and student life. Lets jump in. [00:00:24] As we move towards a world where there is increased access to technology and information there is an ever growing need to develop critical thinking skills. What a better way to do this than to practice while you are in university or college. This week we discuss the Corson Technique, a technique of critical thinking developed by Dale Corson. [00:00:49] Corson was the eighth president of Cornell University. He was a physicist, activist and highly intelligent critical thinker. [00:00:58] If you make an effort to apply the Corson Technique in your own life you will essentially become a better problem solver. You will learn how to think analytically and you will learn how to break problems down into smaller components that are easier to understand. Your reasoning skills will become more balanced and you will feel more confident in your ability to make decisions. Being a critical problem solver will become a skill that you can apply to your everyday life. You will be confident in your ability to break problems down into smaller components and find answers to more challenging questions. When you have the skills you will be more apt to engage in critical thinking and to participate in the process of problem solving. [00:01:47] I truly do believe in the value of developing stronger critical thinking skills. However dont take my word for it. As Michael Fulnan so confidently asserts the moral purpose of education is to equip students with the skills that will enable them to be productive citizens when they finish school. While computers and digital technologies play a central role in the development and utilization of the skills the more essential skills for the 21st century learning in occupations relate not just to the application of technology but more importantly to the ability to engage in independent critical thinking and a high level of problem solving often using technology. [00:02:32] So essentially what is being said here is that the more that we have access to technology and information on a daily basis the more we are going to need critical thinking skills in order to break down problems and to be more analytical. Techniques like the Corson Method allow us to develop these critical high level problem solving skills. [00:02:55] One problem is that many college and university students expect to understand concepts right out of the gate. If they do not understand a concept immediately they get frustrated and immediately ask the professor for help. If a concept doesnt make sense right away they seem to feel panicky or it initiates feelings of stress. Unfortunately this is just not the way to solve problems. [00:03:23] So lets talk about the Corson method. The Corson technique break problems down into reasonable and analytical questions. It involves breaking a question down into multiple components which are easily understood. I first learned about this technique through the YouTube for Thomas Frank from CollegeInfoGeek. Here are some steps to implement the Corson Method into your routine. [00:03:51] If you are facing a complex problem, break it down into smaller components. If you get stuck, ask yourself what is it that I do not understand. [00:04:03] Break each small question down and then ask yourself where are you getting stuck. [00:04:08] Give yourself at least 15 minutes on each component of the question in order to understand exactly where you are going wrong or what you dont understand. [00:04:18] Consult with other students after the 15 minutes. Maybe they have an idea of how to solve the problem that youre not thinking of. [00:04:25] If you are truly stuck then go to your professor after the 15 minutes be able to show your professor exactly where you are getting stuck and ask them a very specific question about the problem you are having. What youre hoping to avoid here is going to the professor right away as soon as you get the question without taking the time to break it down and understand where you might be going wrong or where there might be a misunderstanding. [00:04:54] If you use the Corson technique you are strengthening your critical thinking skills. It also has lots of other benefits too. For one your professor is going to be super happy that you are not running to them every five seconds with a new question. You wont be saving the professors time and you will help them to understand the exact context of the problem with your question. The professor well understand that you actually give a care about what they are teaching and theyll get a much better impression of you. Youre also going to be showing yourself how to learn critically and analyze information as you acquire it and in turn youre going to retain more information if you engage in problems more effectively. You are going to gain more information over time and youll retain that information for a longer period of time because youve taken some time to wrestle with it yourself by going head to head with a problem you might very well solve yourself and you might not even need so me assistance from your professor. Think about it you might even be able to help other students as they progress along their learning journey. [00:06:01] When you engage fully in a question you are actually exercising muscles in your brain that is going to help you to learn and to practice those critical thinking skills over time. And these are going to be strengthened as you progress through your university degree and when you move into the workplace. In essence using the Corson technique will make you a better learner youll become more popular your professors and youll develop skills that you can carry with you as you move into the professional field. Its really going to help when you are working in an environment that asks you to engage in analytical thinking and you already have these skills. As I mentioned before we are moving into a world where technology and information is all around us and one of the most invaluable skills that you can have is to be able to be analytical and develop critical thinking skills. So the Corson Method is an amazing way to practice this and exercise those critical thinking muscles in your brain. [00:07:05] OK so thats it for me this week guys! I have confidence that the Corson Method will be of benefit in your lives and if it is please give us a shout in the comments below and let us know if you have implemented it into your life. If you like this video and you want to see more of our content make sure to give it a thumbs up and subscribe to our channel. As always if you have any questions hit us up in the comments below or on any of our social media platforms in the in the description box below. Improve Your Critical Thinking Skills with the Corson Technique EP 39: Improve Your Critical Thinking Skills with the Corson Technique EP 39: Improve Your Critical Thinking Skills with the Corson Technique As we move towards a world where there is increased access to technology and a variety of information there is a need to develop critical thinking skills. What better way to do this than to practice while you are in university or college? On Episode 39 we will discuss the Corson technique, a method of critical thinking that you can implement into your life and your college courses right away. Looking for study tips, help with essay writing, or advice on how to be a better student? Welcome to The Homework Help Show, a weekly show where we teach, assist, and offer valuable insights for student life. From study hacks to writing tips, discussions about student mental health to step-by-step guides on academic writing and how to write a resume, weve got you covered. Want your questions answered? Write them below or join the conversation on social media using the hashtag #askHHG TRANSCRIPT: Cath Anne: [00:00:00] Hi guys and welcome back to our channel. My name is Cath Anne: and this is episode 39 of the Homework Help Show hosted by Homework Help Global. [00:00:10] On this show we provide you with valuable content for your academic and student life. Lets jump in. [00:00:24] As we move towards a world where there is increased access to technology and information there is an ever growing need to develop critical thinking skills. What a better way to do this than to practice while you are in university or college. This week we discuss the Corson Technique, a technique of critical thinking developed by Dale Corson. [00:00:49] Corson was the eighth president of Cornell University. He was a physicist, activist and highly intelligent critical thinker. [00:00:58] If you make an effort to apply the Corson Technique in your own life you will essentially become a better problem solver. You will learn how to think analytically and you will learn how to break problems down into smaller components that are easier to understand. Your reasoning skills will become more balanced and you will feel more confident in your ability to make decisions. Being a critical problem solver will become a skill that you can apply to your everyday life. You will be confident in your ability to break problems down into smaller components and find answers to more challenging questions. When you have the skills you will be more apt to engage in critical thinking and to participate in the process of problem solving. [00:01:47] I truly do believe in the value of developing stronger critical thinking skills. However dont take my word for it. As Michael Fulnan so confidently asserts the moral purpose of education is to equip students with the skills that will enable them to be productive citizens when they finish school. While computers and digital technologies play a central role in the development and utilization of the skills the more essential skills for the 21st century learning in occupations relate not just to the application of technology but more importantly to the ability to engage in independent critical thinking and a high level of problem solving often using technology. [00:02:32] So essentially what is being said here is that the more that we have access to technology and information on a daily basis the more we are going to need critical thinking skills in order to break down problems and to be more analytical. Techniques like the Corson Method allow us to develop these critical high level problem solving skills. [00:02:55] One problem is that many college and university students expect to understand concepts right out of the gate. If they do not understand a concept immediately they get frustrated and immediately ask the professor for help. If a concept doesnt make sense right away they seem to feel panicky or it initiates feelings of stress. Unfortunately this is just not the way to solve problems. [00:03:23] So lets talk about the Corson method. The Corson technique break problems down into reasonable and analytical questions. It involves breaking a question down into multiple components which are easily understood. I first learned about this technique through the YouTube for Thomas Frank from CollegeInfoGeek. Here are some steps to implement the Corson Method into your routine. [00:03:51] If you are facing a complex problem, break it down into smaller components. If you get stuck, ask yourself what is it that I do not understand. [00:04:03] Break each small question down and then ask yourself where are you getting stuck. [00:04:08] Give yourself at least 15 minutes on each component of the question in order to understand exactly where you are going wrong or what you dont understand. [00:04:18] Consult with other students after the 15 minutes. Maybe they have an idea of how to solve the problem that youre not thinking of. [00:04:25] If you are truly stuck then go to your professor after the 15 minutes be able to show your professor exactly where you are getting stuck and ask them a very specific question about the problem you are having. What youre hoping to avoid here is going to the professor right away as soon as you get the question without taking the time to break it down and understand where you might be going wrong or where there might be a misunderstanding. [00:04:54] If you use the Corson technique you are strengthening your critical thinking skills. It also has lots of other benefits too. For one your professor is going to be super happy that you are not running to them every five seconds with a new question. You wont be saving the professors time and you will help them to understand the exact context of the problem with your question. The professor well understand that you actually give a care about what they are teaching and theyll get a much better impression of you. Youre also going to be showing yourself how to learn critically and analyze information as you acquire it and in turn youre going to retain more information if you engage in problems more effectively. You are going to gain more information over time and youll retain that information for a longer period of time because youve taken some time to wrestle with it yourself by going head to head with a problem you might very well solve yourself and you might not even need so me assistance from your professor. Think about it you might even be able to help other students as they progress along their learning journey. [00:06:01] When you engage fully in a question you are actually exercising muscles in your brain that is going to help you to learn and to practice those critical thinking skills over time. And these are going to be strengthened as you progress through your university degree and when you move into the workplace. In essence using the Corson technique will make you a better learner youll become more popular your professors and youll develop skills that you can carry with you as you move into the professional field. Its really going to help when you are working in an environment that asks you to engage in analytical thinking and you already have these skills. As I mentioned before we are moving into a world where technology and information is all around us and one of the most invaluable skills that you can have is to be able to be analytical and develop critical thinking skills. So the Corson Method is an amazing way to practice this and exercise those critical thinking muscles in your brain. [00:07:05] OK so thats it for me this week guys! I have confidence that the Corson Method will be of benefit in your lives and if it is please give us a shout in the comments below and let us know if you have implemented it into your life. If you like this video and you want to see more of our content make sure to give it a thumbs up and subscribe to our channel. As always if you have any questions hit us up in the comments below or on any of our social media platforms in the in the description box below.

A Silent Death Elie Wiesels Night - 614 Words

â€Å"A silent death, suffocation. No way to scream, to call for help† ( Wiesel 94). Elie Wiesel and many other Jews were put in freight cars and and thought that their lives were over. The jews couldn’t have anyone help them, even when they were calling out for help. Elie wrote a novel called Night, he wrote from his own experience that he had when he was a child. He thought that once he got out of the freight car that it would be the end of the road. At the concentration camps jews could not talk, they had to do everything that Hitler’s men said. While the Holocaust was going on Jews were changing their emotions and how they were acting and working in the camps. When Jews were in the concentration camps they worked non-stop, the Nazis pushed them to keep working hard. The Jews were beaten badly and they got very little food to eat or clothes to wear. If Jews did not do what they were told or talk when not suppose to the Nazis would find a way to punish them. When the Jews were being punished others would not stand up for each other they just stood there silent which gave the Nazis more control over them. â€Å"... he slapped my father with such force that he fell down and then crawled back to his place on all fours† (Wiesel ,39). I think that this is an example of when one Jew is being punished and all the other Jews don’t want to fight the Nazis and save each other. â€Å" I stood petrified. What had happened to me? My father had just been struck, in front of me, and I had not evenShow MoreRelatedEssay on Loss of Religion in Night, by Elie Wiesel1460 Words   |  6 Pagesone-third of the Jewish population were murdered by the Nazis (Holocaust 1). There were many survivors from the holocaust. Elie Wiesel was one of the Jewish people who survived it. He was in three different concentration camps, all of which were horrific. Throughout Elie Wiesel’s novel, Night, Eliezer looses faith in God during and after his tim e in concentration camps. 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Wiesel earned the reputation of â€Å"world’s leading spokesman on the Holocaust† because of his extensive discu ssions about the Holocaust and the impact it had on Jews (â€Å"Elie Wiesel-Facts†Read MoreElie Wiesel: A Holocaust Survivor723 Words   |  3 Pagesthat of a witness who believes he has a moral obligation to try to prevent the enemy from enjoying one last victory by allowing his crimes to be erased from human memory† (Wiesel, Night viii). As a result of the horrors that Elie Wiesel experienced during the Holocaust, he devoted his life to become meaningful. Wiesel’s decent disposition changes through atrociously inhumane conduct toward Jews during the Holocaust as he becomes a brute to solidify identity, levy fears, and boost morale. Before hisRead MoreElie Wiesel: Let Us Never Forget1277 Words   |  6 PagesElie Wiesel: Never Forget Elie Wiesel has written over thirty novels over the course of his life. 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Night allows the reader to emotionally connect with the victims of the Holocaust, encourages themRead MoreThe Inhumane Treatment Of The Holocaust1714 Words   |  7 Pagessix million of these people being Jewish. Not only were millions murdered, but hundreds of thousands who survived the concentration camps were forever scarred by the dehumanizing events tha t they saw, committed, and lived through. In the novel â€Å"Night† by Elie Wiesel, Wiesel recounts the spine-chillingly horrific events of the Holocaust that affected him first-hand, in an attempt to make the reality of the Holocaust clear and understandable to those who could not believe it. What was arguably one ofRead MoreElie Wiesels Night Essay1159 Words   |  5 PagesElie Wiesels Night As humans, we require basic necessities, such as food, water, and shelter to survive. But we also need a reason to live. The reason could be the thought of a person, achieving some goal, or a connection with a higher being. Humans need something that drives them to stay alive. This becomes more evident when people are placed in horrific situations. In Elie Wiesels memoir Night, he reminisces about his experiences in a Nazi concentration camp during the Holocaust. There theRead MoreNight, By Elie Wiesel1362 Words   |  6 Pagesthe right questions.† (5) In Elie Wiesel s novel â€Å"Night,† we find the horrific life story of a father and son during the period of the devastating Holocaust. Elie and his father need to unite in order to survive through the excruciation. We find a transition of indifference by Elie during his Nobel Peace Prize. From his love for life to not caring about anything, Elie matures as the book progresses. He learns to value his father and stick together. In â€Å"Night,† Elie Weisel utilizes the fear of surviving

Critique of The Stanford Prison Experiment Essay - 757 Words

Critique of The Stanford Prison Experiment The Stanford Prison Experiment of 1973 raises troubling questions about the ability of individuals to exist repressive or obedient roles, if the social setting requires these roles. Philip K. Zimbardo, professor of Psychology at Stanford University, began researching how prisoners and guards assume submissive and authoritarian roles. He set out to do this by placing advertisements in a local newspaper, stating that male college students would be needed for a study of prison life paying fifteen dollars per day for one to two days. Of the seventy-five responses, twenty-one were selected, half of them as guards (Zimbardo p. 364) and the other half as prisoners. (Zimbardo p. 364) Philip†¦show more content†¦In the mock prison, inverse psychological relationships developed between prisoners and guards. Prisoners began to feel that there was no way to beat the system. They felt that it is better to do nothing, except what the guards told them. They didnt want, act, or feel anythin g so they wouldnt get in trouble. Guards, on the other hand, assumed authority roles to control the prisoners and keep the prison in order. Some of the guards reacted extremely, and behaved with hostility and cruelty towards the prisoners. Others, however, were kinder, and occasionally did favors for the prisoners and didnt punish them as much. On the morning of the second day of the experiment, the prisoners broke out in a rebellion. They barricaded themselves in their cells by pushing their cots up against the cell doors; they also proceeded to curse and jeer at the prison guards. The guards regained control of the prison by spraying fire extinguishers on the prisoners and stripping them of their clothing. The guards also forced the leaders of the riot into solitary confinement. Following the riot, the prisoners were more compliant to the rules the guards laid out for them. There was never another united uprising by the prisoners against their authority figures, the guards. After the prisoners had accepted andShow MoreRelatedCritique the Power of Organizations from Weberian and Goffmanesque Perspective in the Stanford Prison Experiment1780 Words   |  8 PagesQ 1. Critique the power of organizations from Weberian and Goffmanesque perspectives in the Stanford Prison This document briefly reviews and critiques the ideas of Weber and Goffman in applying them to the Standard Prison Experiment. Weber identified the significance of bureaucracy within organizations. 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The second piece of research â€Å"Bystander intervention† focusing on Darley and Latane’s experimental study on the Kitty Genovese murder and Cherry’s feminist critique. Burr (2012) This essay will begin by giving an edited version of Kitty Genovese murder, and why thisRead MoreEssay on Obedience1004 Words   |  5 PagesErin Poulsen ACP W131 Mr. Scanlan 19 October, 2015 Comparative Critique Obedience and Disobedience has been a part of key moments in history. Many have studied forms of obedience to learn how it affects people and situations. For example, Stanley Milgram conducted a well-known experiment in which the subject, named the â€Å"teacher† must shock the â€Å"learner† every time he doesn’t remember a word pair from a memory test. The focus of this study is on the teacher, and whether they will administerRead MoreResearch With Foster Children : Ethical Dilemmas1135 Words   |  5 Pagessensitive issues that come with doing psychological research with human participants. As seen in several famous psychology studies such as the Stanford prison experiment, Milgram experiment, and Tuskegee experiment, ethics in psychological studies are important to protect both the individuals being subjected to research and the researcher. While these specific experiments did not include children, it does bring up an important conversation regarding ethics in research. There are several guidelines put inRead MoreIs Broken Windows A Broken Theory Of Crime?1130 Words   |  5 Pagesminorities. There were two similar experiments that were done: one by the University of Groningen’s social scientist Kees Keizer and his colleagues, and the other by Philip Zimbardo, a psychologist from Stanford. Although the six field experiments done by Kees Keizer and his colleagues did not show that those who committed the crime that were â€Å"artificially created† were white individuals, the experiment done by Zimbardo did (Kelling and Bratton). Zimbardo’s experiment shows that the Broken Windows targetedRead MoreA Critique Of America s Correctional System1444 Words   |  6 PagesA Critique of America’s Correctional System: from prisonization to reform Imprisonment is a rising social issue in America. To put in a numerical perspective, America at only 4% of the world’s population of 7.1 billion is surprisingly the world’s largest jailer at an overwhelming 22 % of the global prison population (Lee 2015). Currently the prison system costs American’s nearly 70 billion dollars (Borowski 2015). With this amount of federal funds going towards housing and feeding inmates, questionsRead MoreHumans : Humans Compassionate Or Aggressive?1880 Words   |  8 Pageshuman species go through all this trouble to prove self- worth? I also believe in the aspect that most people are good natured which would include compassion in their personality. I believe also the idea that Zimbardo, administrator of the Stanford Prison Experiment had which is people can’t be held accountable for their actions it’s the situation This also can be related to the idea aggression only comes out in certain situations in which it is war ranted. The significance of this question can never

Using Waste Cooking Oil as Feedstock and Candida Antarctica Free Essays

Production of Biodiesel by Enzymatic Transesterification: using Waste Cooking Oil as feedstock and Candida Antarctica Lipase B as Biocatalyst. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTON The high cost of bio-diesel, compared to petroleum-based diesel, is a major barrier to its commercialization. It has been reported that 60-90% of bio-diesel cost arises from the cost of the feedstock oil (C. We will write a custom essay sample on Using Waste Cooking Oil as Feedstock and Candida Antarctica or any similar topic only for you Order Now C. Lai et al. , 2005). Studies showed the potential of waste-cooking oil (WCO) as a material for biodiesel production (Sulaiman Al-Zuhair, 2008). Therefore, the use of WCO should greatly reduce the cost of bio-diesel. In addition to the choice of lipase employed, factors which make the transesterification process feasible and ready for commercialization are: enzyme modification, the selection of feedstock and alcohol, use of common solvents, pretreatment of the lipase , alcohol to oil molar ratio, water activity/content and reaction temperature. Optimization of these parameters is necessary in order to reduce the cost of biodiesel production. Use of no/low cost waste materials such as the WCO will have double environmental benefits by reducing the environmental pollution potential of the wastes and producing an environmentally friendly fuel. In addition, production of bio-diesel from WCO is considered an important step in reducing and recycling waste. A fresh vegetable oil and its waste differ significantly in water and free fatty acids (FFAs) contents, which are around 2000 ppm and 10-15%, respectively (C. C. Lai et al. , 2005; Y. Zhang et al. , 2003). Because of this the traditional alkaline-catalyzed biodiesel production is unsuitable (Zhang et al. 2003). The use of the enzyme lipase as a biocatalyst for the transesterification reaction step in biodiesel production has been extensively investigated. Lipase is produced by all living organisms and can be used intracellularly or extracellularly. In order to design an economically and environmentally sustainable biodiesel production process, a proper understanding of the f actors affecting the process and their relative importance of enzyme-catalyzed biodiesel production is necessary. A general equation for transesterification (where group R is a fatty acid, R’ is the ength of the acyl acceptor and R† is the rest of the triglyercide molecule) is as follows: Methanol is the most popular alcohol used in the transesterification process because of its relatively cheaper price compared to other alcohols. When methanol is used in the process, the reaction is known as methanolysis as shown in the following equation: Lipases from microorganisms (bacterial and fungal) are the most used as biocatalysts in biotechnological applications and organic chemistry. Fungal – source lipases have been found to produce high yields of lipases compare to the animal and plants. Because their bulk production is easier, commercialization of microbial lipases and their involvement in enzymatic biodiesel production are more common than animal and plant ones (Hasan et al. , 2006;Akoh et al. , 2007; Antczak et al. , 2009). The lipase to be employed as the biocatalyst is Candida Antarctica lipase B (Novozyme CABL L), one of the most common fungal lipase used for the production of biodiesel (Vasudevan and Briggs, 2008). Lipases are capable of converting all the triglycerides derive from the feed stocks into their respective fatty acids methyl esters (FAMEs). They act on the ester bonds of carboxylic acids allowing them to carry out their primary reaction of hydrolyzing fats (Joseph et al. , 2008). Enzyme immobilization is an important approach that could be used as a tool to improve and optimize operation stability, activity and selectivity which allows the enzyme to study under harsher environmental condition and also provides their separation from the reaction mixture without filtration in case of packed bed reactor (Fernandez-Lafuente et al. , 1998; Bhushan et al. , 2009; Gao et al. 2006) and, hence, could lead to more favorable economical benefits. The cost of lipase makes up 90% of the total cost of enzymatic biodiesel production. A significant portion of that is associated with the use of expensive carrier or support materials (Dizge et al. , 2009a). Search for cheaper support materials has been ongoing in order to reduce the overall cost of enzymatic biodiesel production (Robles et al. , 2009). Thus it is important to immobilize l ipase, to be able to recover and reuse it repeatedly ( D. S. Clark,1994;D. Cowan, 1996). Immobilization of lipase is the attachment of the enzyme onto a solid support or the confinement of the enzyme in a region of space (Jegannathan et al. , 2008). When proper strategy for the lipase immobilization technology is employed , it provides a number of important benefits including: (a)enzyme reuse, (b) easy of separation of product from enzyme and (c) the potential to run continuous processes via packed-bed reactors (Peilow and Misbah, 2001). Methods of immobilization include chemical and physical means. Among these, the physical immobilization by way of entrapment is the most widely-used method, in which enzymes are entrapped within the sol-gel matrix prepared by hydrolysis and polycondensation of precursors (Ko Woon Lee, et al. 2010). Tetramethylorthosilicate (TMOS) is a widely used precursor for sol-gel immobilization of the enzyme. However, CALB is unstable and shows low catalytic efficiency in the reaction media contains high concentration of methanol and the lipase is also inhibited by the by-product of glycerol. To overcome this, an amphiphilic matrix is developed to immobilize the lipase ((Ko Woon Lee, et al. 2010). The use of solvent in the transesterification process is also considered. Solvents are used to protect the enzyme from denaturation by alcohol by increasing alcohol solubility (Kumari et al. , 2009). The solvent can also increase the solubility of glycerol which is beneficial since the byproduct can coat the enzyme and inhibit its performance (Royon etal. , 2007 ). The use of a common solvent for the reactants and products not only reduces enzyme inhibition but also ensures a homogeneous reaction mixture, reduces the reaction mixture viscosity and stabilizes the immobilized enzyme (Ranganathan et al. , 2008;Fjerbaek et al. , 2009). This is beneficial because homogeneous reaction mixture decreases problems associated with a multiple phase reaction mixture and a reduced viscosity reduces mass transfer problems around the enzyme (Fjerbaek et al. , 2009). The use of solvents significantly increases the reaction rate in comparison to solvent free systems (Vasudevan and Briggs, 2008). Some study also showed that methanolysis conversion using Candida antarctica was increased when tert-butanol was added to the system (Royon et al. , 2007). This serve as the basis for the choice of tert-butyl to be the solvent use in the system, in order to reduce the inhibition cause of the use of a lower chain alcohol, in this case, the methanol. OBJECTIVES This study aims to produce economical source of feedstocks such as waste-cooking oil for the production of biodiesel and the use of enzyme Candida Antarctica Lipase B, to catalyze to transterification reaction. To be able to determine the yield biodiesel through Gas Chromatographic Analysis (Chrompack CP 9001, Holland). SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY Oil is one of the most commonly reported types of water pollution, causing nearly a quarter of all pollution incidents. Careless disposal of oil into drainage systems, onto land or to watercourses is an offense. It can harm river birds, fish and other wildlife. Because of the way oil spreads, even a small quantity can cause a lot of harm. It is estimated that UK caterers produce between 50 – 90 million litres of waste cooking oil each year. If this is not disposed of correctly the effects of oil pollution on the environment could be quite devastating. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), estimates that over 200 million gallons of used oil ends up in the trash, and poured into the water each year. This study aims to promote conventional and economic source for the production of biodiesel by using home waste material such as waste cooking oil. Thus, resolving high cost of biodiesel production making it commercially producible and reduce devastation of environment due to high consumption of crude oils from fossil sources. This study will be a significant endeavour in promoting the social needs and to resolve the high prices of the gasoline which is the major economical crisis face in the present society. The advantages of using lipases in biodiesel production are: (a) ability to work in very different media which include biphasic systems, monophasic system (in the presence of hydrophilic or hydrophobic (Am. J. Biochem. Biotech. , 6 (2): 54-76, 2010), (b) they are robust and versatile enzymes that can be produce in bulk because of their extracellular nature in most producing system, (c) many lipases show considerable activity to catalyze transesterification with long or branched chain alcohols, which can hardly be converted to fatty acid esters in the presence of conventional alkaline catalysts, (d) products and byproduct separation in downstream process are xtremely easier, (e) the immobilization of lipases on a carrier has facilitated the repeated use of enzymes after removal from the reaction mixture and when the lipase is in a packed bed reactor, no separation is necessary after transesterification and (f) higher thermostability and short-chain alcohol-tolerant capabilities of lipase make it very convenient for use in biodiesel production (Bacovsky et al. , 2007; Kato et al. , 2007; Robles et al. ,2009). SCOPE AND LIMITATION Like any method for enzymatic biodiesel production, the co st of the lipase to be used is one of great consideration . The limitations of using lipases in biodiesel production include (a) initial activity may be lost because of volume of the oil molecule (Marchetti et al. , 2008; Robles et al. , 2009), (b) the use of solvent does not guarantee the complete protection of enzyme from the inhibitory effect of low chain alcohol, methanol (c) Although lipase is not affected by the high content of FFAs in WCO, the high water content remains a problem (d) the lipase in the biodiesel production is limited on a specific feedstock to be used because of the regioselectivity of the enzyme lipase. CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Biodiesel has shown its ability tomeet the energy demand of the world in the transportation, agriculture, commercial and industrial sectors of the economy (Akoh et al. , 2007; Basha et al. , 2009; Shafiee and Topal, 2009; Robles et al. , 2009). The annual world consumption of diesel is approximately 934 million tons, of which Canada and the United States consume 2. 14 and 19. 06%, respectively (Marchetti et al. , 2008). As a green renewable and potentially unlimited, biodiesel has recently come out as the superlative alternative fuel which can be used in compression ignition engines with minor or no modifications (Xu and Wu, 2003; Vasudevan and Briggs, 2008; Robles et al. , 2009; Leung et al. , 2010). The concept of biofuel is not new. Rudolph Diesel was the first to use a vegetable oil (peanut oil) in a diesel engine in 1911 (Akoh et al. , 2007; Antczak et al. ,2009). The use of biofuels in place of conventional fuels would slow the rogression of global warming by reducing sulfur and carbon oxides and hydrocarbon emissions (Fjerbaek et al. , 2009). Because of economic benefits and more power output, biodiesel is often blended with diesel fuel in ratios of 2, 5 and 20% (Vasudevan and Briggs, 2008). The higher the ratio of biodiesel to diesel the lower the carbon dioxide emission (Fukuda et al. , 2001; Harding et al. , 2007). Using a mixture containing 20% biodiesel reduces carbon dioxide net emissio ns by 15. 66% (Fukuda et al. 2001) while using pure biodiesel makes the net emission of carbon dioxide zero (Vasudevan and Briggs, 2008). The simplest and most efficient route for biodiesel production in large quantities, against less ecofriendly, costly and eventual low yield methods is transesterification. One of the classic organic reactions (transesterification) is the step wise reversible reactions of a triglyceride (fat/oil) with an alcohol to form esters and glycerol. Little excess of alcohol is used to shift the equilibrium towards the formation of esters. Transesterification using an alcohol is a sequence of three reversible consecutive steps. In the first step, triglycerides are converted to diglycerides. In thesecond step, diglycerides are converted to monoglycerides. In the third step, monoglycerides are converted to glycerin molecules (Freedman et al. , 1984; Noureddini and Zhu, 1997; Marchetti et al. , 2008). Each conversion step yields one FAAE molecule, giving a total of three FAAEs per triglyceride molecule as described by the following equations (Murugesan et al. , 2009). 1. Conversion of triglycerides to diglycerides . Conversion of diglycerides to monoglycerides 3. Conversion of monoglycerides tto glycerin molecules In order for the transesterification reaction to be applicable for biodiesel production, the process must be accelerated by the use of catalyst which may be alkaline, acids or enzymes (Bacovsky et al. , 2007; Murugesan et al. ,2009; et al. , 2010). The catalyst employed directly effects the purity of the feedsto ck required, the reaction rate and the extent of post reaction processing needed (McNeff et al. , 2008). To speed up the reaction, heat is also applied. However, this process is very energy intensive and inefficient since FAAE yield below 350 °C is very low and temperatures above 400 °C degrade the ester bonds (Ranganathan et al. , 2008). Generally, the reaction mix is kept just above the boiling point of the alcohol (71-72 °C) to speed up the reaction. The variables known to affect the reaction are: temperature, alcohol to oil molar ratio, catalyst concentration and mixing intensity (Marchetti et al. ,2007). Transesterification catalysts: The transesterification process is catalyzed by alkalis, acids or enzymes. However, the use of alkali catalysts is 100% in commercial sector. The most common alkaline catalysts are sodium hydroxide (NaOH) METHODOLOGY * LIPASE CABL ( Novozyme CABL L) can be purchased from Novozyme (Denmark). All other chemicals can be purchased from Sigma- Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Grown in the  laboratory,  Candida  appears as large, round, white or cream (albicans  is from  Latin  meaning ‘whitish’) colonies with a yeasty odor on  agar plates  at room temperature. IMMOBILIZATION OF LIPASE Sol – gel immobilization in an amphiphilic matrix was shown in figure below; mL of CABL (8. 2 mg/ml) is to be placed in a 50-ml Falcon tube with 1-mL of 0. 2 M phosphate buffer (pH 7). As a catalyst, 50 microliter of 1M sodium fluoride is to be added and the mixture is to be shaken with a vortex mixer. Then, TMOS (2 mM) and the following hydrophobic alkylsilanes (8 mM) is added; methyltrimethoxysilanes (MTMS), ethyltrimethoxysilane (ETMS), propyltri methoxysilanes (PTMS), and iso-butyltrimethoxysilane (iso-BTMS). Gelation is usually observed within a few minutes while a reaction vessel is gently shaken. Following complete polymerization for 12 hours in a closed Falcon tube, the gel was dried for 24 hours in an open Falcon tube. The gel is to washed with 10 mL of distilled water, 10 mL of 99. 8% iso-propanol, and 10 mL of 95% n-hexane respectively. The immobilized CALB is to be filtered using filter paper, dried at 30 for oC for 36 hours and then ground with mortar and pestle. The particles were sorted using 500 and 300 micrometer sieves and stored at 4 oC until use. ENZYME SOLUTION Immobilized P. cepacia lipase solution is prepare by adding 0. g of lipase to 1 ml of distilled water and soak in water for 30 minutes, prior to being used. This step is found experimentally essential to activate the enzymes. WASTE-COOKING OIL PREPARATION In order to ensure consistency, waste cooking oil is simulated from the commercially available palm oil by heating 1 L of palm oil on a hot plate (Stuart, U. K. ), set at its maximum heating power for two hours. The oil is then allowed to cool to room te mperature and then 5 ml of water (around 5000 ppm) is to be added. The sample is shelved for two weeks before being used. Fresh WCO samples were prepared every two weeks. Bio-Diesel Production in tert-butyl Solvent System Using C. Antarctica Lipase The experiment will be conducted in a specially designed 150 ml capacity jacketed reactor cell. The cell will be kept on a magnetic stirrer (Velp Scientifica, Italy) to facilitate the agitation of the mixture. Water from a temperature controlled water bath (Grant Instruments, UK) circulated through the jacket and will be set to maintain the temperature of the reaction media constant at 45 oC. The temperature used was that presented in the literature to be the optimum(M. M. Soumanou,et al, 2003; H. Fukuda,et al, 2001 ) and an agitation speed was chosen to provide suitable mixing without affecting the activity of the enzyme. In this part, the working volume at the beginning of each experiment was 50 ml, consisting of 5 g of WCO, different volumes of methanol, in the range of 0. 4 to 0. 8 ml (correspond to 0. 57 to 1. 14 molar equivalents of ester bonds in the triglyceride chain), and tert-butyl solution to make up the total volume. The cell is to be covered tightly throughout the progress of the experiments to prevent evaporation. After thermal equilibrium is ensured, 1 ml of enzyme solution containing 0. 4% g of C. Antarctica lipase per g oil is added to initiate the reaction. At suitable intervals, 1. 5 ml samples are withdrawn into a capped vial, immediately immersed in boiling water for at least 5 minutes to denature the enzyme and stop the reaction, and then send for analysis. The amounts of FAMEs in the samples are to be determine by using Gas Chromatograph (Chrompack CP 9001, Holland). How to cite Using Waste Cooking Oil as Feedstock and Candida Antarctica, Essay examples

Personal Finance Essay Sample free essay sample

To assist the Brittens choose the best investing option for their $ 40. 000 nest eggs. we will compare the returns of the assorted recommended investings options by ciphering their after revenue enhancement outputs. The assorted investing options and their after revenue enhancement outputs are shown in the undermentioned tabular array The condominium The mortgage company requires $ 10000 as the down payment for the condominium. The $ 10000 down payment will be deposited in an history which is traveling to gain involvement on top. The involvement will off-set some of the mortgage costs. The premise made here is that the mortgage investing option is the most cost effectual and therefore low-cost. Another premise is that the house is non for sale and therefore no revenue enhancement on the capital grasp. Municipal bonds Are issued by province. metropolis or local authorities. Interest received from municipal bonds are exempt from federal revenue enhancement. exempt from province revenue enhancement if brought by occupants of that province and exempt from local revenue enhancement if bought by occupant of the vicinity where the bond was issued By and large is a signifier of revenue enhancement nest eggs by people who have big revenue enhancement loads. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Finance Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Outputs are much lower than corporate bonds. Corporate stock Stockss represent equity ownership in a company therefore one owns a piece of the company. Because of the high returns of stock. they are ever high hazard. The dividend received and capital additions are nonexempt. Assume no capital grasp of corporate stocks Salvaging history Offered by most commercial Bankss. There are fundamentally two types of history in the market Basic nest eggs account-the involvement offered in these type of history is normally really low but the client can be able to retreat the money if they so wish. The involvement from this history is nonexempt Money Market account-the involvement offered in this type of history is comparatively high compared to other savings histories. The lone drawback with this sort of history is that you can non freely retreat the money. The money market history involvement is non nonexempt hence presents a revenue enhancement economy High growing common stocks Common stock represents equity ownership in the company investor therefore is portion proprietor of the company. Stocks normally have high returns and therefore are high hazard besides. The capital additions and dividend. received are taxed. There are no dividends in this instance but the capital additions is 10 % Recommendation The sum of nest eggs that the Britten’s have is $ 40000. We can infer from the computation of the person after revenue enhancement outputs of each of the available investings that the first option that the Britten’s should put in is the Condominium. The condominium requires $ 10000 and has the highest return. From the tabular array above we can see that it has an after revenue enhancement output of 10 % . This investing option should rank as the first blackball any other factors e. g. mortgage rates. continuance and flexibleness. The 2nd investing option should theoretically be the High giving up common stocks. This is because it has the 2nd best after revenue enhancement output of 5. 76 % . However this could alter due to the hazard profile of the Britten’s. If they are willing to take a high hazard since stocks are high hazard investings so they can put in this option. If they are risk averse. so the Municipal Bonds option is the manner to travel for the Britten’s. This investing option has a return of 5 % after revenue enhancement. Another most obvious advantage of this sort of investing is that it is revenue enhancement free and hence revenue enhancement nest eggs. The overall investing advice is that ; Invest in the Condominium as the first option ( $ 10000 ) and so depending on the hazard profile. if hazard takers ; put the staying $ 30000 in the High Yielding Common Stocks. If hazard averse. put in the revenue enhancement free Municipal Bonds Notice here that the nest eggs history is non considered because it has much lower after revenue enhancement output. Part II Page 2 Credit card finance charges are calculated utilizing different methods by the issuer. Therefore. the recognition card holder should be able to understand how each method works therefore enabling him/her to take cheaper beginning of recognition. There are three methods of ciphering recognition card finance charges Average day-to-day balance This method calculates involvement based on the outstanding balance at the terminal of each twenty-four hours. The outstanding balance is tracked each twenty-four hours by seting for any purchases and payments made. The involvement can be compounded monthly or day-to-day depending on the footings of the recognition card. If the involvement is compounded daily the involvement is calculated on the day-to-day balance and added to the gap balance the undermentioned twenty-four hours ( Street Authority: 2008 ) . Premise: involvement compounded daily Dayopening balancepurchasespaymentsshutting bal.finance charge 1 600 – – 600 0. 27 2 600. 27 – – 600. 27 0. 27 3 600. 54 – – 600. 54 0. 27 4 600. 81 – – 600. 81 0. 27 5 601. 08 80 – 681. 08 0. 30 6 681. 38 – – 681. 38 0. 30 7 681. 68 – – 681. 68 0. 30 8 681. 98 – – 681. 98 0. 30 9 682. 58 – – 682. 28 0. 30 10 682. 58 – ( 200 ) 482. 79 0. 21 11 482. 79 – – 482. 79 0. 21 12 483. 00 – – 483. 21 0. 21 13 483. 21 – – 483. 21 0. 21 14 483. 42 – – 483. 42 0. 21 15 483. 63 100 – 583. 63 0. 26 16 583. 89 – – 583. 89 0. 26 17 584. 15 – – 584. 15 0. 26 18 584. 41 – – 584. 15 0. 26 19 584. 67 – – 584. 67 0. 26 20 584. 93 – – 584. 93 0. 26 21 585. 19 – – 585. 45 0. 26 22 585. 45 – – 585. 71 0. 26 23 585. 71 – – 585. 71 0. 26 24 585. 97 – – 586. 97 0. 26 25 586. 49 – – 586. 49 0. 26 26 586. 49 – – 586. 49 0. 26 27 586. 75 – – 586. 75 0. 26 28 587. 01 – – 587. 01 0. 26 29 587. 27 – – 587. 27 0. 26 30 587. 53 50 – 637. 270. 28 Entire finance charge 8. 10 Interest daily = 16 % ?12 ?30 = 4. 4-4 Previous balance method This method calculated the finance charges based on the balance owed at the terminal of the last charge rhythm. This in kernel agencies that it does non see the current period’s payments. purchases and merely credits. The monthly involvement = 16 % ? 12 = 1. 33 % Previous balance = $ 600 Therefore finance charge = 600 ten 1. 33 % = $ 8 The draw back of this method is that the publishing company can bear down the recognition card holder involvement on balances already repaid. Adjusted balance methods This method of ciphering recognition card finance charge considers all the minutess that place during the charge rhythm. This means that purchases are added. payments subtracted and credits added to the gap balance in order to get at the shutting balance in which the finance charge is calculated on ( Learn Money: 2008 ) . This method is the most good to recognition card holder in footings of lower finance charges. Previous rhythm balance /opening balance ( current period ) = 600 Nov. 1 Attention deficit disorder: purchase 80 Nov. 5 100 Nov. 15 50 Nov. 30 Less: payments( 200 )Nov. 5 630 Monthly involvement rates = 16 % ?12 = 1. 333 % Finance charge = $ 630 x 1. 333 % = $ 8. 4 Best beginning of recognition From the above computations. it is apparent that the cheapest beginning of recognition is old balance method. But this is the instance merely because Nancy made merely one payment while bear downing more. Otherwise the best method for the recognition card holder is the adjusted balance method in that it considers all payment. credits and purchases. Therefore. if Nancy had made more payments. her finance charge would be much lower under adjusted balance method. This method works best if the recognition card holds repays more. The ideal method if the recognition card holders wish to increase the outstanding balance is the old balance method. this is because the current finance charge is calculated on the old balance which would be lower than current balance. Part III Page 3 Advice on fiscal troubles It is non unusual that a individual can hold fiscal jobs. which can ensue in his inability to refund the duties. If a individual is unable to run into his current and long term duties. so. he can register for bankruptcy under Chapter 13-Wage Earner Plan or Chapter 7- Straight Bankruptcy. Chapter 13-Wage Earner Plan This bankruptcy program is fundamentally a rearranging of debitors fundss. which consequences in to a prepayment agenda for the debts owed while at the same clip screening the debitor from foreclosure. garnishment and levies. It is non filed by corporations and partnerships. For a debitor to measure up to register Chapter 13 bankruptcy. he must demo agencies of refunding past debts every bit good as have incomes more than cost of life. Debtors must besides seek advice of recognition counsellor within six months before make fulling for bankruptcy. The debitor must besides go to money direction categories paid by them before being granted the bankruptcy order. After the order has been issued. it will be reported in the books for up to 10 old ages. The benefit of this method is that the debitor will derive from fiscal advice. This type of bankruptcy leads to a refund program of the debts owed. A Chapter 13 bankruptcy allows the debitor to maintain the assets while refunding the debts as compared to Chapter 7. which allows settlement of some assets. Bankruptcy orders safeguards the estate by signifier of an automatic stay. which prohibits repossession without orders of bankruptcy tribunals. The debitor formulates his refund program which if approved by the tribunal. a legal guardian is appointed ( who charges for the services ) and takes over the estate for the period of refund. Chapter 7-Straight bankruptcy This signifier of bankruptcy extinguishes the debts in the terminal with some assets being disposed off to pay the debts. Chapter 7 bankruptcy is non possible for debitors who can register under Chapter 13 or have been discharged from a bankruptcy during the last 6-8 old ages. The debitor must besides go to recognition direction categories and reding Bankruptcy allows the debitors to hold an automatic stay where the creditors can non â€Å"touch† the estate without the permission of bankruptcy tribunal. A legal guardian is besides appointed to supervise the direction of the assets with the purpose of paying off the debts owed. The legal guardian sells-off non-exempt assets to pay off the creditors. Exempt assets are largely personal effects. family. pensions. life insurance. unpaid earned rewards. public benefits. portion equity on abode and motor vehicles. A creditors meeting is called by the legal guardian to discourse the bankruptcy. Secured debts creditors can reclaim the collateral provided. All the debts are cleared except debts such as child support. revenue enhancement debts and pupil loans or deceitful debts. Any reception from heritage. insurance. divorce colonies with 180 yearss of registering for must be declared to the tribunal. Therefore if a individual can non comfortably run into their current or future duties they can choose to register for bankruptcy under Chapter 7 or 13 depending on their position ( legal ) and their fiscal place. Mention FindLaw ( 2008 ) .An Overview of Chapter 7 Bankruptcy. Retrieved on 28/2/2008 from hypertext transfer protocol: //bankruptcy. findlaw. com/bankruptcy/bankruptcy-chapter-7/bankruptcy-overview-chapter-7 ( 3 ) . hypertext markup language Larson R ( 2008 ) .Chapter 13 Bankruptcy-Wage Earner Bankruptcy. Retrieved on 28/2/2008 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. expertlaw. com/library/bankruptcy/chapter_13_bankruptcy. hypertext markup language Learn Money ( 2008 ) .Financing Ratess.Geting Technical with Interest Calculation. Retrieved on 26/2/2008 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. learnmoney. co. uk/credit-cards/financing-3. hypertext markup language Street Authority ( 2008 ) .Average Daily Balance Method. Retrieved on 26/2/2008 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. streetauthority. com/terms/a/average-daily-balance-method. asp