Hispanic Heritage, Intervening Variables and Its...

Hispanic heritage, intervening variables and its correlation with educational attainment Educational attainment within the Hispanic community, can be related to different variables. Predominant studies have focused on the impact of social class and its correlation to educational attainment of individuals within the Hispanic community. Nonetheless, some of the theories that have been used to validate the focus of social impact, may also be applied to â€Å"racial and ethnic variations as well†. In answering â€Å"What factors are contributing to actual degree completion within the Rio Grande Valley region?†; two very important theories provided by Hugh Mehan (1992) will prove useful. The first theory is the human capital theory and central to this theory is a â€Å"focus on the process through which individuals make choices† (Garcia Bayer, 2005). Studies in the social sciences have typically related and individuals collegiate attendance to the cost and benefit relationship of associated variables. Nonetheless, the human capital theory â€Å"extends beyond this cost/benefit analysis† (Mehan, 1992). Theoretically, if an individual decides to go to school they do so based on individualistic reasons. However this is far from the case and external constraints or motivations must be accounted for. In analyzing the discrepancies of degree completion and post-secondary enrollment of individuals within the Rio Grande Valley, we must also account for factors that can deter these individuals fromShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesExamples of Employee Involvement Programs 251 †¢ Linking Employee Involvement Programs and Motivation Theories 252 Using Rewards to Motivate Employees 252 What to Pay: Establishing a Pay Structure 252 †¢ How to Pay: Rewarding Individual Employees Through Variable-Pay Programs 253 †¢ Flexible xii CONTENTS Benefits: Developing a Benefits Package 257 †¢ Intrinsic Rewards: Employee Recognition Programs 259 Summary and Implications for Managers 261 S A L Self-Assessment Library What’s My Job’sRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesResolving Interpersonal Confrontations Using the Collaborative Approach A General Framework for Collaborative Problem Solving 391 The Four Phases of Collaborative Problem Solving 392 SKILL ANALYSIS 405 Case Involving Interpersonal Conflict 405 Educational Pension Investments 405 SKILL PRACTICE 410 Exercise for Diagnosing Sources of Conflict 410 SSS Software Management Problems 410 Exercises for Selecting an Appropriate Conflict Management Strategy Bradley’s Barn 419 Avocado Computers 419 Phelps,

The Curious Incident Of The Dog In The Night-Time -...

The Curious Incident Of The Dog In The Night-Time - Original Writing Christopher Boone is a fifteen year old boy with Asperger’s Syndrome. He knows a great deal about maths and has a very logical way of thinking. Christopher knows very little about human beings and their behaviour and gets very confused and frustrated by most conversations. He loves lists, timetables, patterns and the truth. He hates the colour yellow, because of custard, bananas and double yellow lines and he also hates the colour brown because of dirt, gravy and wood. One of the affects of his Asperger’s syndrome means Christopher also hates being touched. He has never gone further than the end of the road on his own, but when he†¦show more content†¦The events that follow lead Christopher to the answers he is looking for in solving ‘The Curious Incident’ about Wellington and discovering his fathers secrets surrounding his mother. The Curious Incident Of The Dog In The Night-Time is the story of Christopher’s roller coaster journey of mystery. He discovers the truth about his fathers reckless lies and searches for the answers to the secrets his father has hidden for so long. Screenplay The chapter I have chosen to adapt is when Christopher decides to go to Swindon train station to make a journey to London in search of his mother. As Christopher stands at the bottom of the concrete steps leading to the Stations entrance the audience can see fear in his face. He is wearing a pair of scruffy blue jeans, white trainers with blue laces, a red jumper and a navy parker style coat. He stands out from others around him as it is a warm summer afternoon and everyone is wearing shorts, skirts and summer outfits. He is a pale undersized boy with brown unkempt hair. Christopher looks up at the large white sign that says in bold black writing SW ND N RAIN ST TION Christopher frowns at the sign as there are clearly some letters missing we see that this bothers him. People are hurrying past him as he stands frozen with dread at having to climb the steps. He becomes veryShow MoreRelatedChristopher from The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time by Mark Haddon and Holden from J.D. Salingers The Catcher in the Rye1058 Words   |  5 PagesChristopher from The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time by Mark Haddon and Holden from J.D. Salingers The Catcher in the Rye Holden from The Catcher in the Rye by J.D Salinger and Christopher from The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time by Mark Haddon are both two very interesting first person narrators in many different ways. Holden is a 17years old boy having difficulty staying in schools more than 6 months because he doesnt work enough and ChristopherRead MoreThe Curious Incident Of The Dog1478 Words   |  6 Pagesthat is so much more? What if the book not only included murder mystery but also just a complex story about a young boy’s development? The book The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time by Mark Haddon is an example of this. The book is about a young boy named Christopher Bonne. After Christopher found out about the death of his neighbor’s dog, Christopher aroused many suspicions and decided to find out who killed Wellington. Throughout this story, Christopher encounters many people on hisRead MoreThe French Genre of Reverie4445 Words   |  18 Pagesgenre is an extension of the rà ªve, which came into prominence when Diderot used Le Rà ªve de dAlembert (DAlemberts Dream) as the title of the second and most poetic of the three dialogues he wrote in August 1769, when toward the end of his life he had time at last to return to philosophy. The dialogue is probably the most imaginativ ely powerful of all Diderots works, and also that which most successfully unites literature with philosophy. It concerns the awakening of sensibilità © in hitherto inert matterRead MoreEssay on Prejudice in Harper Lees To Kill a Mockingbird6287 Words   |  26 PagesMonroeville, Alabama, a city of about 7,000 people. She studied law at the University of Alabama and one year at Oxford University. After giving up working as a clerk for an airline she moved into a cold-water apartment in New York to concentrate on writing. She first handed this book to a publisher in 1957 but it was rejected so she took two further years to rework it before it was published as ‘To Kill a Mockingbird’ in 1960. The book tells a story very similar to Lee’s own childhood. The town Read MoreFeminist Approach to Witchcraft; Case Study: Millers the Crucible6554 Words   |  27 Pageshumanism that Miller and his critics have held dear. The Crucible is in need of an/Other reading, one that reveals the assumptions of the text, the author, and the reader/critic who is part of the shared consciousness created by the [play].4 It is time to reveal the vicarious enjoyment that Miller and his critics have found in a cathartic male character who has enacted their sexual and political fantasies. The setting of The Crucible is a favoured starting point in an analysis of the play. PuritanRead MoreEssay about how to16439 Words   |  66 Pagesï » ¿ Womanizing Exposed: How to Execute a Successful One Night Stand By Alex Mason Copyright Copyright  © 2012 by Alex Mason All rights reserved. This book or any portion thereof may not be reproduced or used in any manner whatsoever without the express written permission of the publisher except for the use of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other non-commercial uses permitted by copyright law. Disclaimer The events described and the advice that has been given inRead MoreA Picatrix Miscellany52019 Words   |  209 Pagesgeographical sections on pp.171 ff. and 394 ff.), long, discursive definitions, appearing in unexpected places, further break the sequence (e.g., pp.78 and 343)-. and there is a great deal more to make the reader’s task more difficult. This manner of writing may well be intentional, whether to make the magical sections appear less suspect by interlarding them with theoretical passages, or to make certain doctrines seem less strange by administering them in small doses, or to demonstrate the equal validityRead MoreLiterary Criticism : The Free Encyclopedia 7351 Words   |  30 PagesSolitude, by Jonathan Lethem (2003) [44] Never Let Me Go, by Kazuo Ishiguro (2005)[30] Looking for Alaska, by John Green (2005) Indecision, by Benjamin Kunkel (2005)[45] Black Swan Green, by David Mitchell (2006)[46] The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian, by Sherman Alexie (2007) Indignation, by Philip Roth (2008).[b] Submarine, by Joe Dunthorne (2008) Breath, by Tim Winton (2008) Paper Towns, by John Green (2008) The Solitude of Prime Numbers, by Paolo Giordano (2008) The Goldfinch, by DonnaRead MoreThe Epithet in the Novel Jane Eyre18849 Words   |  76 Pagesnot feel colours of a picture, does not see it completely and in effect does not understand. The word Style is derived from the Latin word stilus which meant a short stick sharp at one end and flat at the other used by the Romans for writing on wax tablets. Now the word Style is used so many senses that it has become a breeding ground for ambiguity. The word is applied to the teaching of how to write a composition; it is also used to reveal the correspondence between thought and expression;Read MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesBelmont, California USA in 1993 with ISBN number 0-534-17688-7. When Wadsworth decided no longer to print the book, they returned their publishing rights to the original author, Bradley Dowden. The current version has been significantly revised. If you would like to suggest changes to the text, the author would appreciate your writing to him at dowden@csus.edu. iv Praise Comments on the earlier 1993 edition, published by Wadsworth Publishing Company, which is owned by Cengage Learning:

Reflection on Refusal of Treatment Free Essays

The purpose of this essay is to select an incident which occurred during clinical placement and to discuss and reflect on it in order to improve future practice. To do this, the framework of the Marks-Moran and Rose Model of Reflection (1997) will be used. Utilizing the four stages of this model, I will describe the incident, give a reflective observation, discuss related theory and conclude with thoughts for any future actions. We will write a custom essay sample on Reflection on Refusal of Treatment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Any patient discussed will be given a pseudonym to ensure patient confidentiality as described by the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NC) (2010). During a recent placement in an Endoscope day unit, I met Mrs. Smith who was attending to undergo a Gastropod. She had a history of acid reflux and had been referred for the procedure as an outpatient but had not attended her Pre-Admission Clinic appointment. Upon her arrival, myself and a staff nurse took baseline observations and spoke with the patient to ensure that she had fasted from midnight which was necessary for the procedure. On advising her on anesthesia, I informed her that she had two options. The first was a throat spray to numb the local area and she could leave almost immediately afterwards. The second was sedation and analgesia in the form of Fontanel and Modally which would be given through intravenous accumulation; however, she would have to remain with us for several hours post procedure. Mrs. Smith began to panic and became quite irate. She stated that she had been under the impression that she would be given a general anesthetic and would be asleep the entire time. I explained that the doctor required her to be awake for this procedure and that general anesthetic was not an option. Mrs. Smith then stated that she was withdrawing her consent and wished to leave. The staff nurse who had been observing me swiftly took over the conversation and tempted to calm down the patient. She advised me to escort Mrs. Smith to the private seating area that was reserved for consultations but not to offer her anything to drink; Just in case she changed her mind about the Gastropod going ahead. Once we were all in privacy, the nurse then sat down and asked Mrs. Smith why she was so scared. Mrs. Smith stated that she had heard of complications involved with Stereoscopes and she would rather not take the risk. The nurse explained that the risk of a serious incident was extremely rare and at worst, she may suffer from a sore throat and gastric bloating afterwards. Mrs. Smith was supplied with an information booklet and we allowed her some time to digest all of the information that she had been given and assured her that any questions she wanted to pose would be answered. Afterwards, she stated that she still did not want to undergo the procedure and that she wanted to go home. At this point, the nurse advised that she should return to her doctor and inform him that she had not undergone the test. Mrs. Smith was also advised that she could return at a later date if she so wished and then she left the clinic. During my explanation of the procedure, I felt capable enough to fully explain what it entailed. However, when Mrs. Smith began to panic, I lost some of my confidence as this was something that I had not faced before. Therefore, I felt unable to calm Mrs. Smith down as I was lacking experience in this scenario. I was pleased that the nurse accompanying me took over in an instant. I felt to notice this. As I listened to the nurse, I noted the optimism displayed by the nurse when she instructed me not to provide refreshments for the patient. When I later questioned her on this matter, she told me that she had been in the same position any times before. Mrs. Smith was competent enough to exercise her right to refuse treatment. This is the moral and ethical right of every patient so long as they are deemed to have the mental capacity to make such a choice (Griffith and Teenage 2012). A medical professional cannot force a patient to undergo a procedure against their will. However, the practitioner must discuss all treatment options, relay the correct information and allow the patient time to come to an independent and informed decision (Ellen et al 2012). The term â€Å"Autonomy’ underpins the patient’s ethical and moral right to choose which path of treatment, if any, that they will follow. Glibber and Kingston (2012) state that the patients’ autonomy is in the clinician’s hands under duress of professionalism and nursing ethics, our advice and information is responsible for any decision reached. In this instance, Mrs. Smith was taken to a private seating area where a nurse calmly talked her through the procedure at length, answering any questions and also informed her of the statistical risks of a Gastropod which were her biggest concern. By doing this, the nurse wowed that she was empathic to the worries of the patient and also did her utmost to preserve patient confidentiality, as well as, providing a wealth of information preceding the refusal of treatment (Torrance et al 2012). It was obvious from the reaction of Mrs. Smith that she had anticipated treatment under a general anesthetic at her appointment. When reading through her notes previous to admission, I realized that she had not attended the pre-admission clinic. Had she attended this previous appointment, she would have been given all the information required for her proposed treatment. She would have been briefed fully on sedation, the basics of the procedure and many other factors consistent with treatment. Claritin et al (2009) describes pre-admission clinics as a necessity to provide the correct information and give patients the time to think and digest before presenting at hospital for a procedure. Evidence shows that pre-admission clinics have reduced the instances of failure to attend appointments and that patients are more involved in their care, which encourages a higher rate of recovery and reduces stress levels pre-operatively (Mitchell 2008). Knox et al (2009) also suggested that the implementation if these clinics have substantially reduced the instances of refusal of treatment due to more accurate information being given in a comfortable setting at a more relaxed time. If Mrs. Smith had attended the pre-admission appointment, she would have been given all the information and been able to ask any questions that she wished. Thus she would have been aware that she would not be offered a general anesthetic and a deeper understanding of the procedure. Thus this may have resulted in assisting Mrs. Smith with regards to informed consent. The nurses working within the clinic were all very well versed in the procedures and welcomed any questions. As soon as Mrs. Smith began to worry, there was sufficient evidence on hand in the form of a patient information guide as well as a knowledgeable nurse. In a study conducted by Amtrak (201 1), patients were found to be more comfortable when in the presence of a knowledgeable nurse. Patients overall concluded that this group to benefit from this. Postural et al (2010) suggests that the experiences gained by nurses in specialized areas are beneficial to the learning curve of student urges and their knowledge is a valuable tool in the production of a more advanced health care system. In the case of Mrs. Smith, the nurse highly educated in this area and was able to sufficiently assist the patient in making a fully informed choice without being devoid of any facts. Moser et al (2007) describes this approach as â€Å"a highly effective way of achieving patient autonomy’. In this scenario, the nurse was catering to Mrs. Smith’s first and foremost care requirements. During my reflective observations of this experience in my training, I have realized that there is nothing rater than knowledge and experience to assist patients with many aspects of their care. In the case of Mrs. Smith, the manner in which her questions were answered was tactful and informative. However, the patients’ right to choose was evidently the main priority. Mrs. Smith was never coerced, all information required was on hand and supplied without delay. The nurse ensured that she was competent to refuse the treatment and advised on how to proceed following the refusal. An obvious effort to calm the patient was made and the privacy afforded by the private seating area dad a huge difference in allowing her to digest all information that she had been given. The nurse made a tactful decision by advising me not to offer refreshments in case of a decision to proceed, however, this did not occur. In hindsight, I have realized that I have a long and hard road to travel before I am capable of the level of care that I would like to give my patients. I can draw from this experience and I can see that having the correct information is a must while at the same time being aware of the patients’ feelings and offering them an informed and involved choice in their care. I have also come to understand the relevance and requirement for clinics such as pre-admission. These clinics are indispensable in reducing patient anxiety, ensuring that patients have all the correct information and fully understand their proposed procedure prior to presenting for treatment. How to cite Reflection on Refusal of Treatment, Papers

Negative Impact of Technology on Everyday Life free essay sample

Also, dependence on high technology has rid of the need for everyday in-the-home skills, things like cooking, dishwashing, and even cleaning. In addition, technology can have a great negative impact on family life. Although technology has widened opportunities for Americas everyday life, American intelligence has greatly declined due to the amount of work high technology minimizes that no longer requires us to use our abilities to think, memorize, learn, or even work. The technology era is damaging the average Americans brain. â€Å"Why do we need to learn this, all I have to do is Google it! How many times is this repeated daily in classrooms all over the world? Who can be sure, possibly more times than one can count on their own unless maybe of course there’s a calculator handy. The position of teachers everywhere around the world is becoming more useless every single day. Children no longer feel the need to tune in during class time knowing they have access to all the answ ers they could possibly need at the click of a button at any time. We will write a custom essay sample on Negative Impact of Technology on Everyday Life or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page With online mathematical equation generators, book answers, and scientific calculators, the need for a math teacher is quickly diminishing. Computers now have spell and grammar check in which fix any word spelt or used incorrectly, and any wrongly written sentences, leaving grammar teachers with nothing to teach. Also, book and poem analysis and any old language translations can be found on the web with just one search making it hard for literature teachers to enforce their students to read, analyze, and think. One thing widely gone unnoticed is the measure of importance for teachers to pass on interpersonal and basic everyday off-technology skills in which technology can not impart. Nathaniel Wilkinson gives his say about technology depriving children of these everyday skills in saying, â€Å"Now I like the idea of having the computer to reinforce the knowledge already possessed by my students but using it in place of human interaction will only dull the students sense of respect for authority and interaction between live human beings and themselves† (Wilkinson). Children and teenagers have become so concerned in technology that they block out everything else teachers have to offer, missing out on these learnt traits of human interaction and verbal learning skills.

Incredible Topics for Your Personal Essay

Personal essays give much freedom to students because they are about telling your story. You have a vast selection of topics to choose from your experiences in life. Alternatively, you can choose to create an exciting story that can have the same results depending on your creative abilities. This guide provides more insights on how to select appropriate topics for the essay. Need Valuable Tips on How to Select the Best Personal Essay Topic? A personal essay offers a vast array of topics to choose from. So how do you select a fantastic topic that can showcase your skills adequately? Our experts have compiled useful tips you can use to narrow down your options and find a topic that is appropriate. Be Unique Try to avoid conventional topics or ones that are commonly selected by students. Your professors or instructors have probably graded countless essays and therefore developed the ability to identify some of the common themes students write about. You thus need to select a distinctive topic to stand out from the rest. Recognize Your Abilities When trying to choose what to write about, consider your strengths and weaknesses in writing. Choose a topic that can emphasize more on what you can do best. Your Interests Matter Your interest in a particular topic will dictate the amount of effort you put in writing. Moreover, when you write about what you love or something that appeals to your emotions, you realize that you become motivated to enhance the reader’s experience as much as you can. Ensure the Topic is Manageable Select a topic whose content can fit within the word limit required. In other words, ensure that the topic is neither too broad nor too narrow. Here is a List of Personal Essay Topics to Get You Started Essay topics can be derived from various basic aspects of someone’s life. The common ones are from childhood, past experiences, school years, relationships, morality issues, interests, and travels. There are also ‘imagine if’ topics that give you the freedom of imagination. Here are some of the topics: Write an essay about a life-changing experience you Describe the biggest loss you experienced in the form of an essay. Write an essay about the proudest moment of your Imagine if you could move to any country in the world and live there. Which one would you pick? Write an essay explaining why you chose that country â€Å"Love ceases to be a pleasure when it ceases to be a secret.† In relation to this statement, write an essay about your secret love. In the form of an essay write about a close call you experienced. Write an essay about the toughest news you had to give. Include why you had to give the news. Write an essay about a major wrong choice you made. Imagine that you had the chance to change a single thing in your life. In the form of an essay describe what it would be and why you would want to change it. Write an essay about the greatest discovery you have ever made. Write an essay about a person that let you down. Describe how they let you down, why, and how it affected your relationship. Ignorance is bliss. In relation to the statement, write an essay describing some things that you did not understand back then that you understand Write an essay about the most humiliating moment of your life. Write an essay describing events leading to the moment that you realized you were a grown-up. Write an essay about how you met your best friend. In the form of an essay describe the worst argument you ever had. Describe who it was with, who started it, and how it affected your relationship with that person. Write an essay about a time you questioned a belief or idea. What prompted your thinking? What was the outcome of this? In the form of an essay describe a problem that you would want to solve in the world. Explain the steps you would take to resolve it. Write an essay vividly describing your biggest fear in life. Write an essay about the most difficult decision you ever had to make. Live with technology, not through technology. In relation to this statement, write an essay about technological items you cannot live without. Write an essay describing the best memory you had that involved your family members. Write an essay about musicians who inspire you and make you feel good with their music. Write an essay about someone you look up to. It can be a friend, a relative, a famous television personality, and explain why they appeal to you. In the form of an essay describe your fears and phobias in life. Write an essay about your first day in college. In the form of an essay, describe an awkward encounter you had in college. Write an essay about what motivates you to work hard and follow your dreams in life. In the form of an essay describe an accomplishment in your life that sparked a period of growth and a better understanding of yourself. Write an essay describing a hobby that you find so engaging you lose track of time. Write an essay describing how your professor can motivate you to be better and achieve more. In the form of an essay, describe the steps you would take to stop conflicts. In the form of an essay, explain the best lesson you learned in your Write an essay about how you deal with stressful situations in school. Write an essay about the biggest failure in your life and what it taught you. Imagine you came across a lot of In the form of an essay describe the first five things you would buy. In the form of an essay describe your first encounter with your favorite meal. Write an essay describing your dream job and explain why it is your dream job. In the form of an essay describe the moment you heard the best words in your entire life. Write an essay describing the most beautiful place you have ever been to and explain what the experience means to you. Write an essay about something that makes you feel guilty every time you encounter it. Write an essay describing what money means to you Write an essay describing a place you always try to avoid. Write an essay describing how you were taught a lesson by a child. Imagine you traveled back in time to a hundred years ago. In the form of an essay describe what you would tell the people about the future? Write an essay describing what animal you would want to be if you had to choose. In the form of an essay describe an incident that made you believe that words can hurt. Write an essay about the most beautiful thing you have ever seen. Write an essay describing the ugliest thing you have ever seen. In the form of an essay describe an accident that you were part of and what it changed in your In the form of an essay describe a situation where you made the right choice without knowing at the time. Write an essay about your favorite color, what it means to you, and when you decided on it. In the form of an essay describe a moment in your life when you needed a hug. Write an essay about a lesson you learned the hard way. Write an essay about your favorite sport and the memories you have of it. Write an essay about the charity you would start if you had the resources. Write an essay describing words that brought you hope during a dark time in your Write an essay describing the happiest moment of your Write an essay describing the saddest day of your In the form of an essay describe your best friend. Write an essay about a moment where you felt betrayed by a person. In the form of an essay describe a moment that led you to unleash your Write an essay about a time you embarrassed yourself in public. Write an essay describing what you like and what you do not like about each of your closest friends. In the form of an essay describe a moment where you engaged in a fight. Include what led to it and its consequences. Write an essay about the most beautiful person you have ever met. In the form of an essay write about a character flaw that you possess but are embarrassed about. Write an essay describing the first enemy you have ever made. Write an essay describing a moment when you were scared for your In the form of an essay describe the time you felt like running away. Write an essay describing why you will succeed in life. Write an essay describing your bravest moment in life. Write an essay about the last act of kindness that you In the form of an essay, describe your favorite holiday. Write an essay describing how you would change the life of someone you care about if you Write an essay about your favorite place in the world and describe why it is so special to you. Interesting Sample Personal Essay Questions Below are some are some questions that you can utilize to come up with a good topic for your essay. What challenges have you overcome? What is your worst fear? How do you deal with stress in your life? Is trying too hard in life making you unhappy? What motivates you? How do you react to impulses? Are you an extrovert or an introvert? Are you too materialistic? What do people assume about you? Who are your role models? What is the best advice you were given? What wise words guide your life? What is your role in the family? Have your parents ever really embarrassed you? Does your family support your dreams? How well do you know your neighbors? Are you embarrassed by the things you used to like? Craft an Amazing Topic with These Personal Essay Ideas Here are some great ideas that you may choose to follow up on to create good topics for your essay: A day you will never forget How your teachers contributed to the person you became A person you are most afraid to lose in your life Your first experience with love How many lies you have told until now A movie that relates to your life A trip you loved the most Imagine if you were wealthy Imagine if you had a time machine Send a Request for Help Is that personal essay still troubling you?   Let our writers handle it for you. We are a professional online essay writing service that provides quality work to our customers. Call us today and get a cheap essay for sale that fits your needs.

All Roads Lead to the Ancient Network of Roman Roads

All Roads Lead to the Ancient Network of Roman Roads The Romans created a network of roads all across the empire. Initially, they were built to move troops to and from trouble spots. They were also used for speedy communication and ease of pre-motorized travel. Roman roads, specifically  viae, were the veins and arteries of the Roman military system. Through these highways, armies could march across the Empire from the Euphrates to the Atlantic. They say, All roads lead to Rome. The idea probably comes from the so-called Golden Milestone (Milliarium Aureum), a marker in the Roman Forum listing the roads leading throughout the Empire and their distances from the milestone. Appian Way The most famous Roman road is the Appian Way (Via Appia) between Rome and Capua, built by the censor Appius Claudius (later, known as Ap. Claudius Caecus blind) in 312 B.C., site of his descendant Clodius Pulchers murder. A few years before the (virtually) gang warfare that led to Clodius death, the road was the site of the crucifixion of the followers of Spartacus when the combined forces of Crassus and Pompey finally put an end to the slave revolt. Via Flaminia In Northern Italy, the censor Flaminius made arrangements for another road, the Via Flaminia (to Ariminum), in 220 B.C. after the Gallic tribes had submitted to Rome. Roads in the Provinces As Rome expanded, it built many roads in the provinces for military and administrative purposes. The first roads in Asia Minor were built in 129 B.C. when Rome inherited Pergamum. The city of Constantinople  was at one end of the road known as the Egnatian Way (Via Egnatia [á ¼ËœÃŽ ³ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ±Ãâ€žÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ± á ½â€°ÃŽ ´ÃÅ'Ï‚]) The road, built in the second century B.C., went through the provinces of Illyricum, Macedonia, and Thrace, starting at the Adriatic at the city of Dyrrachium. It was constructed by order of Gnaeus Egnatius, proconsul of Macedonia. Roman Road Markings Milestones on the roads give the date of construction. During the Empire, the emperors name was included. Some would have provided a place for water for humans and horses. Their purpose was to show miles, so they might include distance in Roman miles to important places or the end point of the particular road. The roads did not have a foundation layer. Stones were laid directly on topsoil. Where the path was steep, steps were created. There were different paths for vehicles and for pedestrian traffic. Sources Colin M. Wells, Roger Wilson, David H. French, A. Trevor Hodge, Stephen L. Dyson, David F. Graf Roman Empire The Oxford Companion to Archaeology. Brian M. Fagan, ed., Oxford University Press 1996Etruscan and Roman Roads in Southern Etruria, by J. B. Ward Perkins.  The Journal of Roman Studies, Vol. 47, No. 1/2. (1957), pp. 139-143.   A History of Rome to the Death of Caesar, by Walter Wybergh How, Henry Devenish Leigh; Longmans, Green, and Co., 1896.

Introduction to international studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Introduction to international studies - Essay Example Main points: Population: The article certainly addresses population, in the sense of human resource, as a key component for industrialization and sustainability unto the future. Demographic elements in the population of a country influence a country’s predisposition to domestic production, political stability, and regional influence. The article argues that a change in the population brought about by a change in the population size composition, and distribution relative to that of neighboring countries has a direct impact on the countrys GDP and international security. The article postulates that for sustainability unto the future, a renewal in the population’s working force (by maintaining proportional composition and distribution) was essential. Culture: The article does not address culture to any meaningful extent. However, it uses one element of culture i.e. religion, adopting a radical approach to it in justifying the threat imposed by high growth rate in Muslim states. Industrialization: The article discusses industrialization as amongst the major changes onto the future as well as an intermediate effect of the change in population demographics. Consequently, industrialization as identified in the article will be a determinant for international trade and influence the flow of capital and human resources as between countries. However, the article fails to establish which sectors of these economies will influence the transition of the developing countries into fully developed states as forecasted. Governance and Politics: The article addresses the issue of governance and politics under primarily two mechanisms: Firstly, it analyses the foreign policy relations of the United States, postulating that the US international influence is continuously receding, even amongst its traditional allies such as the Turkey, Egypt. Secondly, it discusses the issue of politics in relation to the US’ super power status. The article argues that

Computer Assisted Audit Techniques Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Computer Assisted Audit Techniques - Essay Example Auditing is the process by which something is examined with a view to form an opinion. This allows users of that opinion to gain assurance that the opinion, process or the information can be trusted. The purpose of assurance services is to increase the confidence and reduce the risk of the user of those services. The main purpose of auditing is to ensure that financial statements are free from material misstatement or error. An auditor carries out two types of assurance engagement with one being the reasonable assurance engagement and the other being the limited assurance engagement. When giving out a reasonable assurance engagement, the auditor gathers sufficient appropriate evidence to support his conclusion and to make a stronger conclusion. On the contrary, a limited assurance engagement gives out a negative assurance report and the evidence gathered in such assurance engagement is only related to the specific subject matter that is being audited rather than the entire financial statement. Such assurances help the users of the financial statements to decide upon their investment in any particular company or venture. The use of computers in business information systems has fundamental effects on the nature of business transacted, procedures followed, risks occurring and measures to reduce the impact of risks. Manual processing and computer based processing of transactions are well differentiated from each other and they have their own benefits.

Advertising and Marketing Communications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Advertising and Marketing Communications - Essay Example It needs to be very targeted, precise and significant for them in order for them to take notice and understand that the particular brand connects with them in the best and most easiest of manners possible and hence they should be the ones to buy it for themselves and for this reason satisfy their need or even please themselves more than they had already expected. It is a sure tough job for the people who have to extract the perfect message which needs to be sharpened again and again before it actually gets down to the right kind of people who will make the actual purchase and therefore the product will be sold in the end. However, on the flip side of the coin, this requires selling the product or the brand in the mind of the consumer before he actually decides to go and buy the very same. The earth is considered as one of the most beautiful planets in the whole wide universe that we live in as our mother earth is the only planet in the entire universe that has enough water in order to provide support to life. Distressing to know is the fact that our planet is on the receiving end courtesy a number of problems that need to be solved before the world become nothing less than a complete smoke house. Hence quite rightly so the principal problem that we are facing in the world today is that of pollution, no matter in whichever form it exists. Pollution is a factor that is threatening our world in the present times. One such example to quote here is that of nitrogen. Considering the same, human beings are adding around 100 to 150 million tons over the 90 to 150 tons that are already in production with relation to the nitrogen cycle. So this excess in nitrogen has caused coastal waters as well as estuaries to grow toxic form of algae as well as killed the fish and not to fo rget the trapping of the solar heat in the air as a result, as well. This paper has focused on an advertisement which is on

Personality and sociocultural development during early childhood

Personality and sociocultural development during early childhood This chapter looks at the major perspectives that form the basis for personality and sociocultural development during early childhood. Topics covered include coping patterns, aggression, prosocial behavior, the effects of peer interactions, and continuing development of self. Children learn to manage a wide range of feelings and emotions. The important to emotional development is the childs ability to cope with fear and anxiety. Fear is a response to a specific situation and anxiety is a generalized emotional state. A child may experience regular and continuous feelings of unease, often without knowing why. Children can be help cope with fear and anxiety by parents reducing unnecessary stress, being a role model, seeking professional help. Children can also cope with fear and anxiety using defense mechanism such as identification, projection, denial, reaction formation, displacement, regression, rationalization, repression, and withdrawal. Children are expected to inhibit the display of some emotions such as anger, distress, affection, joy, sensuality and sexual curiosity. Children experience developmental conflicts their needs to depend on their parents and their desire of independence dealing with compliance, mastery and competence which Erikson identified as autonomy verse shame and initiative verse guilt. According to Erikson, children either become more independent and autonomous if their parents encourage exploration and freedom or they experience shame and self-doubt if they are restricted and overprotected. In addition, children view of themselves undergoes major change as they face conflicts between the desire to act independently of their parents and the guilt that comes from the unintended consequences of their actions. Parents who react positively can help their children avoid experiencing guilt. As children develop, their play becomes more social and engage in social pretend play involving the use of imagination, sharing of fantasies, and the inclusion of agreed upon rules. This help children deal with fears, provide companionship during periods of loneliness, and provide reassurance. Research indicates that 65% of young children have imaginary companions. Imaginary companions help children social skills and practice conversations. Children who are adept at imagination may be better at mastering symbolic representation in the real world. Children who are rejected by their peers in early childhood are likely to be rejected in middle childhood as well. They are also more likely to have adjusting problems in adolescence and adulthood. Rejected children may be aggressive or withdrawn and may be out of sync with their peers activities and social interaction. Children learn to incorporate the values and morals of their society into their understanding of themselves through internalization. Children develop a self-concept, their identity, or their set of beliefs. Young children tend to describe themselves in terms of their physical characteristics, possessions, or activities. The tendency to describe themselves in terms of social connections increases. Children tend to imitate their parents. Children self esteem enhance by parent praising their children, encouraging and giving them responsibilities, allowing them to explore their potential freely, and showing them unconditional love. The sense of being a male or female is well established by the time children reach the preschool years. Children learn gender-related behavior and expectations from their observation of others behavior as well as from books, media, and TV. Parents play an especially important role in the development of young children, particularly with respect to how parents e xert control and express warmth. Authoritarian parents tend to produce children who are withdrawn, fearful, dependent, moody, unassertive and irritable. Permissive parents tend to produce children who are rebellious, aggressive, self-indulgent, socially inept, creative and outgoing. Authoritative parents tend to produce children who are self-reliant, self-controlled, socially competent with high self-esteem and do better in school. Indifferent parents tend to produce children who are free to give in to the most destructive impulses. How parents manage discipline is an important aspect of the effect that parents have on their childrens development. The aim of discipline is not only to control children behavior but also to help them develop emotional self control. CHAPTER 8 Middle childhood is the span of years from age 6 to 12. At age 9, growth spurt for girls and 11 year olds for boys. Growth is influenced by activity level, exercise, nutrition, gender, and genetic factors. Gross motor skills such as running, jumping, and hopping and fine motor skills continue to develop and improve. Children begin to develop interest in sports. During middle childhood, children in developed world receive good nutrition so most height and weight differences among children are due to genetically determined factors. Children in developing world grow smaller than their counter parts in affluent advance world. Obesity is defined as body weight that is more than 20% above the average for a person of a given height and weight. In United States, about 17% of children are obese. Most of children who are obese continue to be seriously overweight as adults. Obesity leads to high blood pressure, diabetes, and other medical problems. The cause of obesity can be a genetic factor, environmental factors, television viewing, lack of exercise and parental encouragement. The leading cause of death in middle childhood is accidents and associated injuries. Psychological disorders and mental illness can begin in middle childhood, raising concerns about accurate diagnosis and treatment such as autism and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder. Piaget referred to middle childhood as a period of concrete operations and encourages the use of concrete objects for teaching such as blocks, rods and seeds. Piaget stress that teaching should be through showing rather than telling because children learn by doing and they are active learners who construct their own theories about how the world operates. During middle childhood, short-term memory capacity improves significantly and understandings about the processes that underlie memory emerge and improve during middle childhood. Childrens memory strategies and techniques enhance with age and develop the process of monitoring their own thinking. When children attend school, school teach facts or concepts, give directions for a particular lesson, state general rules of behavior, correct, disci pline and praise children and introduce children in other miscellaneous activities. Children learn more in classes in which time on task is maximized, in which the teacher spends at least half the time on actual teaching and less on such concerns as maintaining order. The main emphasis on school are teaching learning and thinking skills, tailoring instruction to the childs individual learning style and developmental level, and fostering independent, self-regulated, self paced learning, learning in small groups and cooperative rather than competitive learning. School success is influenced by many factors including achievement motivation which is an acquired culturally based drive, gender, and parents of successful children who have realistic beliefs about their children, have high expectations, are authoritative parents and talk to, listen to, and read to their children. Developmental and intellectual disabilities such as mental Retardation, depression, attention deficit disorder, and learning disabilities children and other special needs children all have afforded educational opportunities in least restrictive environment. CHAPTER 9 During middle childhood, according to Erikson, the central task focuses on industry versus inferiority. Children at this stage are characterized by a focus on efforts to attain competence in meeting the challenges related to parents, peers, school and other complexities of the modern world. Children self concept and self esteem continue to develop. The development of self esteem is a reciprocal process. Parents can positively influence their childrens self esteem by offering realistic praise and by encouraging them toward activities in which they can be successful. Children use social comparison to themselves to abilities, expertise, and opinions of others. When objective measures are absent children rely on social reality such as how others act, think, feel, and view the world. In middle childhood, most friends are of the same gender, and friendships during middle childhood serve many functions. Peer relationships provide emotional support and help kids to handle stress, teach child ren how to manage and control their emotions, teach about communication with others, foster intellectual growth and allow children to practice relationship skills. According to Selman, friendships develop through four stages: as playmates, then awareness of anothers feelings emerges, then trust develops and finally children can look at relationship from anothers perspective. Prejudice is a negative attitude formed without adequate reason which is directed at a defined group of people. As children grow older, they become capable of thinking with greater complexity and prejudice can be reduce by enhancing through cooperative activities that are important to children and promoting equality and disconfirm negative stereotypes. Popular children are helpful and cooperative, have a good sense of humor and emotional understanding, ask for help when necessary, not overly reliant on others, adaptive to social situations, and social problem solving skill competence. Unpopular children lack social competence, are immature, are overly aggressive and overbearing, withdrawn or shy, and are unattractive, handicapped, obese, or slow academically. Several progra ms teach children set of social skills that underlie general social competence. Although peers become very important in to children in middle childhood, the family continues to be children most important socializing force. Effective parenting in middle childhood can involve in increasing childrens social competence through encouraging social interaction, teaching listening skills to children, making children aware that people display emotions and moods nonverbally, teaching conversational skills, including the importance of asking questions and self-disclosure and not asking children to choose teams or groups publicly. In addition to other changes, children experience in early relationships between siblings can shape how children relate to others and choices made in later life. Also, in most cases, children fare quite well when parents are loving, are sensitive to their childrens needs, provide appropriate substitute care, and are good adjustment of their children. When parent divorce, children are most likely to exhibit behavioral difficulties, anxiety, depression, and low self esteem and they often have more problems with school. School-age children tend to blame themselves for the breakup. Twice as many children of divorced parents require psychological counseling as do children from intact families. For some children, living in a home with unhappy marriage and which is high in conflict has stronger negative consequences than divorce. Blended families include remarried couple that has at least one stepchild living with them. Living in blended family involves role ambiguity, in which roles and ex pectations are unclear. CHAPTER 10 Adolescence is a remarkable time of growth and development; in just a few years, children transition dramatically towards adulthood across multiple domains. Adolescence is physically the healthiest period of the lifespan. There is a dramatic body parts grow at different rates due to higher levels of testosterone boys experience greater increases in muscle growth; girls experience an increase in body fat. Body shape differentiates as boys develop wider shoulders and girls develop wider hips. These biological, as well as cultural, factors can cause depression and anxiety in females at this age; an emphasis on exercise may help to keep females active and combat negative self-images. Primary sex characteristics include sex organs in males and females grow significantly to allow room for sperm and egg production. Secondary Sex Characteristic for both male and female includes growth of pubic hair, underarm hair, facial hair, and arm and leg hair. Skin becomes rougher and oilier, bones beco me harder, the voice becomes lower, and the chin, nose, and ears become more pronounced. Hormones have a powerful effect on the brain, influencing its development. However, the emotionally often seen in teenagers results not only because a hormone action but also because of complex sociocultural and environmental factors. Adolescents have the ability to begin moving from childhood toward adulthood due to their cognitive development. This is the ability of the brain to begin processing more abstract thoughts. Some of these thoughts, indeed many of these thoughts, are focused on themselves. By being able to think abstractly, which is a new developmental ability. Now, as adolescents, the journey toward self-reflection and self-identity, may begin. By asking clear self-identity questions, they may find answers that will be enlightening, even insightful and complex. They will strive to learn to make good choices and decisions toward their future as a responsible citizen. This process is often difficult for adolescents. They may change periodically in terms of their self-conce pt. According to Piaget, adolescent gain the ability to think about intangible objects and methods and have the ability to see multiple aspects of one idea. As adolescents enhance their understanding of themselves, they actually become more aware of their own emotions and feelings and how these feelings affect their daily lives. By gaining some emotional understanding of themselves, they are able to change their self-identity. This is how they perceive their characteristics and abilities fit with the opportunities that are available to them. These changes are now known to continue in our American society well into emerging adulthood. But many of the identity issues that begin during adolescence determine the paths an adolescent may take including future college, vocational or career choices, as well as other aspects of their lives. Adolescent constantly views themselves as the center of attention and certainty of an individuals distinct personal experience and fate. Adolescence also belief that unfortunate occurrences only happen to other people which encourages risky behavior. Adolescence today continue to be highly sexually active and about 20% of sexually active teenagers have sexually transmitted disease. Teenage mothers and fathers are associated with difficult economic circumstances and personal challenges. Marriage under such circumstances generally does not produce positive outcomes in part because early marriage often leads to dropping out of school. Chapter 11 During adolescence, young people reach physical maturity, develop a more sophisticated understanding of roles and relationships, and acquire and refine skills needed for successfully performing adult work and family roles. The developmental tasks of this periodcoping with physical changes and emerging sexuality, developing interpersonal skills for opposite-sex relationships, acquiring education and training for adult work roles, becoming emotionally and behaviorally autonomous, resolving identity issues, and acquiring a set of values are all tied to successful functioning in adulthood in one way or another. The movement toward adulthood colors our expectations of adolescents, and hence our treatment of them. One expect adolescents to move away from the adult-directed activities of childhood toward the autonomy, responsibility, self-direction and independence from their parents and forming an identity. Consistent with these expectations, adolescents are granted increased freedom of choice to varying degrees, adolescents select their academic courses, choose their friends and activities, and make plans concerning post high school education, employment, and family life. Many of these decisions have important implications for young peoples subsequent life course. Educational decisions, such as whether to attend college or not, affect future career opportunities and vocational development. Similarly, becoming an adolescent parent often limits educational attainment and employment opportunities. Erikson viewed the critical developmental task of adolescence as identity verses identity confusion which requires the teen to sort through various choices in order to answer to questions who am I? Adolescents who go out with friends rather than study for an important test, who engage in unprotected intercourse or experiment with a new drug, or who ride home with an intoxicated driver may unknowingly affect the direction of their future lives. Moreover, short-term choices may evolve into regular patterns of behavior or lifestyles, which, in turn, influence future development. Thus, the choices that adolescents make and the developmental course they define can profoundly shape their later lives. Therefore, the adolescents movement toward autonomy entails both growth and risk. On the one hand, adolescents need to experience greater freedom of choice so they can begin to exercise self-direction. Successful parents must provide support to teenage children. Maintaining communication helps reduce serious conflict. Parental monitoring is based on open communication and adolescent willingness to disclose the details of the adolescents life. The most importance of peers increases enormously during adolescence. Through social comparisons, teens compare themselves to their peers as a means of defining themselves. Early on, dating serves to give young adolescents experience without deep emotional involvement. Later, adolescents who date may develop emotional closeness and serious romantic relationship. Adolescence and emerging adulthood is often characterized by risk taking behavior. Because the brain region related to judgment and emotional control are still developing, adolescent may take risks without fully appreciating the consequences. Suicide is the third leading cause of death during adolescence, and the rate of suicide in this age group is rising. To support positive adolesce nt development, we should support and strengthen families, provide then with activities in which they can be successful Chapter 12 The young adult stage is full of major changes in both physical and cognitive attributes. The body has finished fully developing and the thinking process is carried out in a more complex manner. It is during this development stage that the young adult can contemplate the views of others and put themselves in their place to gain a better understanding. Many key events in adulthood occur at relatively predictable times for most people in an age cohort. An age clock represents our internal sense of time for when major life events should occur. Physically, it is a time when one is at his or her healthiest. The brain is still increasing in size, although new neurons are no longer forming. One sense is also the keenest during this time of life. Full maturation has been reached, as well as full height. This is also the time when this age group learns to live comfortably in their own. The young adult years are often referred to as the peak years. Young adults experience excellent health, vigor, and physical functioning. Young adults have not yet been subjected to age-related physical deterioration, such as wrinkles, weakened body systems, and reduced lung and heart capacities. Their strength, coordination, reaction time, sensation, fine motor skills, and sexual response are at a maximum. Additionally, both young men and women enjoy the benefits of societys emphasis on youthfulness. They typically look and feel attractive and sexually appealing. Young men may have healthy skin, all or most of their hair, and well-defined muscles. Young women may have soft and supple skin, a small waistline, and toned legs, thighs, and buttocks. Early in adulthood, neither gender has truly suffered from any double standard of aging, mainly, the misconception that aging men are distinguished, but aging women are over the hill. With good looks, great health, and plenty of energy, youn g adults dream and plan. Adults in their 20s and 30s set many goals that they intend to accomplish, from finishing graduate school, to getting married and raising children and to becoming a millionaire. Young adulthood is a time when nothing seems impossible; with the right attitude and enough persistence and energy, anything can be achieved. Some individuals begins habits that likely will produce health problems later in life such as overeating, overuse of alcohol, drugs and lack of exercise. Physical change may come in the form of weight gain for this age group. This is the time of settling into careers which can be sedentary, compared to the activities that are done in college and high school. For many, this is the first time in taking sole responsibility for providing nourishment. Many young adults move away from home. Food intake may now consist of fast food and frozen dinners, which can really rack up the pounds. Early adulthood is often the time during which people are most s exually active, and many plan to have children. Sexually transmitted diseases affect most of the young adults such as Chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis. Aids may be least partly responsible for a shift to more caution sexual behavior. Many young adults have developed the skill to reason logically and solve abstract problems. This is also the age when they are able to solve theoretical problems. This age group scores higher than any other on the fluid intelligence section of an IQ test. Fluid intelligence is not only the ability to think abstractly, but to deal with novel situations. This is the age that awareness of consequences develops. Piaget argued that cognitive development reaches its highest level, their thinking becomes more complex.

The Philippines And The World Market :: essays research papers

The Philippines and the World Market   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Philippines is considered to be one of the most westernized countries in Asia. It has strong ties to the United States and the United Nations. In fact, It is the only charter member of the U.N. in all of Southeast Asia.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The United States has a very close relationship with the economy and culture of the Philippines. For instance, Filipinos have a strong resentment toward communistic countries. During the cold war, the Philippines supported America by consistently being hostile toward communist countries, and did not maintain diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union or any other communist state.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The United States is the largest foreign consumer of Philippine products. In many ways the survival of the philippine economy depends on the united States. We purchase almost all of the sugar exports, most of the coconut oil, embroidery, at least half of the base metals, and a fourth of the lumber. The United States supplies most of the Philippine imports of machinery, dairy products, cotton, papers, drugs, automobiles and much or the petroleum products. Although countries like Japan, Canada Australia, and New Zealand are getting more and more involved in trade with the Philippines, America remains to be the Philippines most important trading partner.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When America acquired the Philippines and established free trade in 1909, the economy of the islands was tied to that parent country. As a result, the Philippines became almost entirely dependant upon United States markets. Thus, America has had a strong influence on not only the economy of the Philippines, but also the politics of it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The United States established a public education system in the Philippines in the early 1900 ¹s. Although they were not American schools they had many similarities. American teachers were used as well as American books.

Creative thinking process Essay

A. Case 5.1 1. How did the creative thinking process work in the development of this product? Describe what took place in each of the four steps. Phase 1: Background or knowledge accumulation—The 3M manager wanted something that could mark the hymnal pages in order for him to be able find them fast, but did not know what could. Phase 2: The incubation process— The 3M manager knew bookmark is not the solution because it could fall out. Phase 3: The idea experience—He realized he needed something that could adhere to the paper, but would not rip it, so he asked if there was an adhesive that’s been made that could do that. Phase 4: Evaluation and implementation—He had his members find the not-yet-marketed adhesive and had the glue applied to paper, and later show other people like secretaries on his new â€Å"attachable† notes. 2. Why did the manager have the Post-it notes sent to secretaries throughout the company? What was his objective in doing this? He knew the secretaries would be able to use them throughout their work, and he wanted to create a word of mouth buzz to get people talking about the newly made products. 3. What type of innovation was this—invention, extension, duplication, or synthesis? Defend your answer. This innovation was an extension to the bookmark. Bookmarks basically started as pieces of paper saving a spot for future reading. So, by adding adhesive to the paper, it is clearly an extension of a product that has already been made because it created a new use for bookmarks technically. 4. Which of the sources of innovative ideas discussed in the chapter help account for this product’s success? Explain in detail. It is a process source because the post-it notes are basically bookmarks, but have been innovated to be a better, more useful alternative for a variety of situations and jobs. Post-its are more dependable and therefore easier to use than bookmarks because it is harder to lose them. B. Case 7.1 1. Is anything unique about Chris’s idea? Explain. The washable vinyl, the house bigger larger, and the house representing the owner’s actual home are basically the only few unique aspects of the doghouse. All other aspects, like the dog’s name, insulation, and shingles are kind of givens when it comes to having a doghouse especially if the dog  is usually kept outside most of the time, especially in places where the weather is mildly unpredictable. 2. What is the first thing he should do to follow up on his idea? Explain. I feel like Chris should definitely look up the success of personal construction businesses, especially ones for animals like this doghouse venture. Sure, it seems like a simple and logical business venture, but I think he needs to think about whether or not this is something potential consumers really want to buy. Hence Chris needs to figure out his target market and do research on them. 3. When this is done, what else should Chris do? Outline a general course of action of him. Once he hopefully finds an effective target market, he should find an individual or small company that would be interested in building the doghouses for his new venture. How much would he be paying the contractor per house? How is he going to market the new venture? Will he have an online website in addition to newspaper and word of mouth marketing? If the business does end up being successful, Chris could also be thinking about other similar products that could be built like dog or cat beds, fish tanks, and doghouse accessories/ideas (e.g. porches or making portable doghouses).

Toyotas expansion challenge

Toyotas expansion challenge Introduction Toyota’s massive recalls occurred towards the end of 2009, and the beginning of 2010. Monden (253) claims that 8 million cars were recalled because of sticky accelerator pedals, and floor mats that could trap accelerators. Another defect was anti-lock braking system software found in hybrid cars. Toyota’s tradition has been to pursue safety as the first priority. It is followed by quality, and volume. The pursuit to capture the largest market share did not match available resources.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Toyota’s expansion challenge specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Toyota’s success is attributed to the efficiency of its JIT (Just-in-Time) system and TPS (Toyota Production System) which rivals have found difficult to copy. Toyota responded in time to an emerging trend in the global market where people sought cars with efficient fuel consumption. Toyota’s q uality challenge emerged from its expansion into new locations where TPS may not have been fully understood. The strength created by TPS became a challenge to its own new regions. TPS requires many years to understand. According to the article, its strength includes the ability to capture a larger market share by its wide variety of products. They target each social class from low cost Scions to luxury Lexus. It is a good strategy to capture all market segments. However, it lays challenges to developing modifications because engineers have a wide area to cover. It may result to very few engineers being committed to a design. Reasons for higher growth rate than competitors According to the article, Toyota gives customers a wide range of choices. Ability to choose components that a customer would like to be added to his/her car. It captures almost every customer’s taste. The company gains competitiveness by offering over 40 customization elements. Toyota’s continuous inn ovation has been able to increase its competitiveness in the global market. Toyota integrates new designs and the latest software at lower costs which provide the capability to offer competitive prices that rivals fail to match. Toyota is also able to shift products and production where they are mostly needed. Toyota has a history of producing reliable and high quality cars. All these factors have contributed to its fast expansion. Standardization of processes is considered essential in the accumulation of knowledge. Toyota has a system of technical standard registration guidelines which enables the company to develop its own institutionalized knowledge (Hino 179). The company is able to develop unique standards through practice. Toyota’s efficient system has been working on a continuous improvement basis. Harvard Business Review (61) discusses that many companies have been unable to copy the TPS. The main reason is that Toyota’s production method has been developed ov er a long period of institutionalized knowledge.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Other companies cannot adapt them in a short period of time. It takes the company about 20 years to train a T-type manager (Harvard Business Review 26). New managers learn gradually by working at the company over a long period. The company has managed to beat competitors on â€Å"reliability, quality, cost reduction, and even sales and marketing† (Harvard Business Review 60). Its system of ongoing improvements makes it difficult to be copied. The system is learnt only through practice (Harvard Business Review 63). Toyota expanded through managing production costs. Shimokawa (207) explains that legacy costs are not the only causes of North American automotive companies’ failure. Legacy costs include items such as insurance, and retirement benefits. The companies faile d to respond to global trends such as energy efficient vehicles. The companies did not see the need to modify their engine technology to match consumer needs against rising fuel costs, and environmental concerns. Ford and GM relied on mass production for efficiency for a long period without seeing the need for modification. One model is manufactured for a long period to make inventories before shifting to another model (Shimokawa 207). According to the article, Toyota’s system allows for several models to be manufactured simultaneously. Toyota invented the Just-in-Time lean system. It reduces inventories by producing only what is needed, and when it is needed. Part of Ford and GM higher costs were associated with maintaining high inventories. Manufacturing a car brand for everyone Hino (176) discusses that Toyota was able to expand by adapting a product mix policy developed by Sloan who was the GM manager. The policies include a strategy to arrange products by price from low- priced cars to luxury cars. It also requires the automobile to avoid ultra-luxury cars that could not be produced in large volumes. The company was to maintain small gaps between product prices. The company was also to avoid manufacturing products with similar prices (Hino 176). Toyota was able to succeed mainly by applying these ideas more accurately than GM, the company for which they were developed. By producing a brand for each group, Toyota is able to compete with GM. It could not have made the same growth without applying Sloan’s theory. By reducing gaps between products arranged by price, Toyota hinders rivals from placing a product in between. When a rival launches a product in between the prices, it may be able to cut the upper and lower segments into halves.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Toyota’s expansion challenge specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, by developing a car for each group, its engineers are spread over a wide range of products. It reduces attention to detail. Teamwork is also reduced to a few individuals working disjointedly to modify or design parts. Toyota on Porter’s five forces Toyota appears to be more competitive than rivals using Porter’s Five Forces. Using Porter’s Five Forces for analysis (Hill Jones 43), Toyota appears to have a close partnership with suppliers. Pressurizing them to reduce costs, and maintain high quality standards. Suppliers have weak bargaining power if the customer is large such as Toyota (Hill Jones 55). Customers’ strong bargaining power is reduced by Toyota’s ability to develop cars at the lowest cost possible, and applying the latest technology. Efficiency in fuel consumption came at the right time, when the world was facing high fuel costs, and a recession. By creating a car for each group, Toyota has reduced the effect of substitutes. Entry into the automobile industry is barred by the high cost of entry. TPS requires many years before it is understood. It has limited the ability of other firms to adapt to TPS. It provides Toyota with a competitive advantage. Toyota recognizes that its engineers are trained for many years to adapt to TPS. When competitors were trying to stick to economies of scale, Toyota was developing a system with absolute cost advantages (Hill Jones 44). Firms find it difficult to put into practice Toyota’s low cost structure. Moreover, Toyota is able to weaken competitive forces by its continuous improvement program. It responded to customer needs in a timely manner when competitors were rigid about the type of models they had designed. Toyota’s expansion rate higher than resources Toyota’s engineers sought to design compatible parts for multiple models. Cole (par. 3) analyzes that Toyota sought expansion at the same time pressurized engineers to reduce costs. One part design is used in many models. The ex pansion was also associated with a lot of new software integration. Monden (263) explains that developing software simultaneously with auto components makes it difficult to identify defects. The cause of quality failure can be associated with pursuing too many objectives in a short time. Toyota expanded production spreading its engineers over a wide range of products. Cole (par. 4) discusses that insufficient skilled labor in the engineering section was also a cause of quality failure. Fewer engineers were available to design and test models. The company was losing on the teamwork design. The company was also unable to recruit more engineers because of the amount of time it takes for an engineer to be fully capable of designing products in the automobile industry. Monden explains that â€Å"quick growth resulted in insufficient time for developing quality people† (246). It is estimated that an engineer might need to work for about 10 years to be fully integrated with the syst em. The expertise needed is gained through an accumulation of experience working in the industry or with the company. Toyota’s quality failure can be attributed to insufficient number of engineers to match the expansion.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The integration of software components to help run and drive vehicles also caused the quality failure. Cole states that â€Å"software specialists have low status compared to hardware engineers† (par. 4). As a result of this, automobile industries do not accumulate the high technical skills in the software section. Software engineers would rather work in other industries than in the automobile industry. Toyota’s quality failure can be associated with a high speed to integrate multiple software applications without attracting the technical skills required for the job. It needs plenty of time to integrate a new workforce in a new location into the TPS. Monden (24) discusses that Toyota Productions System (TPS) is unique in its operations. It would take a long period for the management to develop a workforce that can meet the requirements of the system outside Japan. Toyota’s expansion involves setting manufacturing plants outside Japan. Hino (7) describes that the tradition of the company is to give customers free repair in case a model develops problems. In the 1930s, the GI truck developed mechanical problems. Toyota offered free repairs which reduced the mechanical failures that were being reported frequently. Toyota has used the same solution again. Conclusion Toyota appears to have recovered from the negative publicity it experienced between 2009 and 2010 (see appendices). Production and sales are almost to the same level they were before the quality challenges were reported. Japan, North America, and Asia are the key producing areas (â€Å"Figures: Vehicle Production, Sales and Exports by Region† table). In 2012, Japan had resumed production of 8.7 million cars. It is higher than what it produced it 2008 which was at 8.2 million cars. In North America, it produced 1.7 million cars in 2012. It is higher than 1.4 million cars produced in 2008. Asia also shows an increase in production (see appendix 1). When it comes to sales, they have increased as well. In 2008, sales in Japan totaled 1.47 million cars. In 2012, the company sold 1.69 million cars in Japan. In North America sales were 2.44 million cars in 2008, and 2.27 million in 2012. The North American segment has not fully recovered but it has shown signs of recovery compared to 2009, 2010, and 2011 (â€Å"State of the U.S. Motor Vehicle Industry† table). Asia shows signs of complete recovery, from 1.44 million cars in 2008 to 2.34 million cars in 2012 (see appendix 2). From these figures, it appears the response through free repairs, acceptance of blame, and recalls have been effective in keeping the company back on track. Much of the speedy recovery can also be attributed to the company longstanding reputation of producing low cost and high quality cars. Customers find it easier to trust its products once again. The main challenge to Toyota’s expansion rate was the rate at which it could train and integrate engineers. Recommendations Toyo ta is doing well by providing a free repair scheme. It adheres to the lean philosophy of continuous flow of value addition (Sayer Williams 30). Breaking down is a stoppage which is mended by the repair. Sayer Williams recognize that after-sale service is a â€Å"function that creates long-term customer relationship† (286). It creates value for customers. Evans (8) describes quality in manufacturing perspectives as one which meets specifications. By meeting specifications, it means performing the functions it is designed to do without any problem. Toyota should slow down the pace of expansion unless it trains the right size of personnel to handle expansion in multiple dimensions. Toyota has failed to meet quality in the consumers’ perspective. Evans describes quality in consumer perspective as â€Å"meeting or exceeding consumer expectations† (9). Toyota had succeeded because it met and exceeded consumer expectation before the rapid expansion. Toyota should sti ck to its tradition of ensuring safety and quality before volume. Evans describes the situation as â€Å"no quality, no sales† (4). Maintaining high quality has the ability of attracting new customers, and maintaining a group of loyal customers. Toyota faces the challenge of exporting TPS to its new locations. TPS is also considered to be learnt through practice. For it to maintain the same standards, it requires Toyota to transfer part of the experienced personnel to its new location to integrate with new recruits. Cole, Robert 2010. Toyota’s Hyper Growth and Complexity Trap. Web. Evans, James. Managing for Quality and Performance Excellence, Mason: South Western Publications, 2013. Print. Figures: Vehicle Production, Sales and Exports by Region 2013. Web. Harvard Business Review. Harvard Business Review on Manufacturing Excellence at Toyota, Boston: Harvard Business Press, 2008. Print. Hill, Charles G. Jones. Strategic Management Theory: An Integrated Approach, Bos ton: Houghton Mifflin, 2010. Print. Hino, Satoshi. Inside the Mind of Toyota: Management Principles for Enduring Growth, New York: Productivity Press, 2006. Print. Monden, Yasuhiro. Toyota Productions System: An Integrated Approach to Just-in- Time, Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2012. Print. Sayer, Natalie, B. Williams. Lean for Dummies, Hoboken: John Wiley Sons, 2012. Print. Shimokawa, Koichi. Japan and the Global Automotive Industry, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Print. State of the U.S. Motor Vehicle Industry 2012. PDF file. Web.

Album Review Coldplay essays

Album Review Coldplay essays Label: EMD/Capitol, (recorded 2000). Produced by Ken Nelson and Kris Allison. Selections: Dont Panic, Shiver, Spies, Sparks, Yellow, Trouble, Parachutes, High Speed, We Never Change, Everythings Not Lost. Personnel: Chris Martin, vocals piano, Jon Buckland, guitar, Will Champion, drums, and Guy Berryman, bass. Coldplay recently won a Grammy award for Parachutes for Best Alternative Album. The only thing wrong with that is that Parachutes deserved to be nominated for Best Album. All of the quartet attended the University College of London. All four had been playing instruments since their early teens and been influenced by likes of Bob Dylan, Neil Young, and Eric Clapton. With only their full-debut album and a few EPs they have already joined the ranks of Englands elite including Oasis, Verve, and Radiohead. They are drawing comparisons with Scotlands Travis and the late Jeff Buckley, who I recently have also taken an interest to. This album also earned the band a Mercury Music Prize nomination and won three Brit Awards nominations. The album was released in the U.K. in November 2000, and was released a month later in the U.S. They have released two singles off this album and they have both had tremendous success, Yellow then followed by Trouble. Many may have first heard their f irst single Yellow on ABC, because in 2000 it was chosen as the theme song for their sports promotion spots. This band has enjoyed almost instant success after signing with their label in April 1999. Parachutes is a perfect balance of sadness and elation, which they are able to switch back and forth in a heartbeat. The album begins with its shortest track (2:17) Dont Panic, which starts with a sort of British folk-rock sound and evolves into a kind of space ...

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Edict the Expulsion of Jews (1492) - Essay Example Some conversos—Jews who converted to Catholicism—flourished in places of learning and commerce. However, many ruling Spanish—both secular and religious—viewed these Jews with deep suspicion heightened by the fact that some conversos were insincere. Some chose to save their social and commercial status by embracing the Catholic faith, but privately adhering to their Jewish practice and faith. The Alhambra Decree, or the Edict of Expulsion, was issued on March 31, 1492 by the joint Catholic Monarchs of Spain—King Ferdinand II of Aragon, and Queen Isabella I of Castile. Ferdinand and Isabella took seriously the reports that some crypto-Jews who were not only privately practicing their former faith, but were secretly trying to draw other conversos back into the Jewish fold. In 1480, the king and queen created the Spanish Inquisition to investigate these suspicions; under the authority of this new institution, thousands of converted Jews were killed within 12 years. It is not known how many, if any, had lapsed from their new Christianity, or were trying to convince others to do the same. The said decree was issued less than three months after the surrender of Granada—a vassal state to Spanish royals for more than two centuries. It was Juan de Coloma, secretary of the king and queen, who wrote it at the royalties’ command. Under the edict, Jews were only given four months and ordered to convert to Christianity or leave the country. However, Jews were promised royal "protection and security" for the effective three-month window before the deadline. They were permitted to take their belongings with them - except "gold or silver or minted money". In the edict, Jews were accused of trying "to subvert their holy Catholic faith and trying to draw faithful Christians away from their beliefs." The punishment for any Jew who did not convert or leave by the deadline was death. The punishment for a non-Jew who sheltered or hid Jews was the

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Media WRITING - Essay Example notice of public and simultaneously to attract governing bodies in taking measures against such occurrences rather than to assimilate views or to interpret a particular course of action. The intended audiences for this news were the general public. After going through the article, it can be stated that the reporter intended to depict the social concerns related with the safety and security of women in the modern day society. The institution behind this particular material can be identified as the online news publishing media. When assessing the types of industries and corporations involved in media writing, various segments such as radio broadcasting, television, film entertainment, print media and advertising among others can be identified which attempt broadcasting updated news from different genres for the general public either within the local or national or in the global periphery. The media writing illustrated through the aforementioned article hereby reveals the propaganda of online news broadcasting. The content of the material presented in the article can also be stated as well-written in a manner which is easier to be interpreted by the general public. No offensive abbreviations or ground-breaking and persuasive forms of writing have been used in this article being presented with adequate justification to gain the consciousness of the public towards such social issues. The article published by Metro Newspaper on 6th February 2013 with the title â€Å"Forgotten cruise ship becomes sand Banksy with aid of street artists† can be categorised as an advertising media writing which depicts the talent of a group of urban street artists giving a new shape to a corroded old ship by making attractive paintings on its rusted body. It can thus be stated that the media writing exhibited in this article is based upon a ‘writing for advertising’ style as the article intended to convey its audiences with a message regarding the group of talented urban based street

The media play in encouraging Essay Example for Free

The media play in encouraging Essay What role does the media play in encouraging or discouraging tourism to particular destinations? Popular mediums of media including film, television, internet and print media can influence the appeal of certain travel destinations and activities. It can prompt a desire or avert tourism destinations as suggested by MacCannell (1976) these media forms can highly construct or highlight particular images of destinations to act as a marker. Prospective tourists base their knowledge on such information provided whether to travel or not to particular destinations. Film induced tourism can also bring about an increase in the cultural value of the film location being heritage sites. Firstly, in the case of New Zealand’s Maori culture has gained recognisable status through media exposure. The film Whale Rider (2002) for instance thoroughly demonstrates the Maori culture. In customary Maori culture the beliefs, clothing, animals, plants and certain landforms are spiritually linked with particular groups of individuals. The film represents this through the whales being the ancient symbol for the Ngati Konohi community. Thus, by maintaining a sense of identity it offers an opportunity for individuals to reflect and provide expressions of self. Additionally, this film can attract individuals strongly interested in culture especially of New Zealand’s Maori culture. As well as this heritage sites which have been set as film locations gain fame and recognition by its audience after the release of the film. These locations often gain meaning through film narration. For example Mission Impossible 2 (2000) was filmed at the Sydney Royal National Park. Due to the popularity of the film series an increase of visits to the park occurred during 2000 the year the film was released. Hence, can be evidently seen media plays a major role in encouraging tourism to certain destinations. However, with the expansion of different types of visitors to a destination it could also provoke an adjusted behaviour in tourists (Smith et al, 2010). The world heritage site in Angkor, Cambodia had been utilised and set up as a location for the adventure film Tomb Raider. Tourists who had viewed and felt a sense of yearning to visit the location of the film were discovered climbing on the ancient sanctuary temple walls in order to attempt and imitate the protagonist. This kind of media coverage creates a negative impact on the site as tourists are not respecting or obliging to conservation plans set  out for the site. The inappropriate manner can additionally provoke iconic pieces or souvenirs to be removed from the film induced tourism locations so as to be able to efficiently oblige with conservation plans. â€Å"Media based tourism can bring additional income and jobs to an area and in particular can provide opportunities for selling souvenirs/merchandising and spin-off services such as themed tours and services† (Smith et al, 2010 p.73). This is evident in many tourist destinations including Thailand and the film The Beach. It has created a strong stimulation of desires for people to visit the film location in addition to the surrounding areas of Thailand. Due to the large tourism activity, tour companies have taken advantaged and advertised various tours which circuits various film based locations and entitled them The Beach Tours ( Law et al 2007). Extraordinariness can also be added to entice travellers such as recounting stories and gossip within the tours about the production of The Beach. Also the Footsteps on the Beach website was created which sells Thailand to a more mass audience as well as reach potential tourists to visit Thailand through images and meaning. Desires can also be a reason why individuals choose to travel in the first place. Therefore, by creating strong desires and adding extraordinariness through media exposure it further encourages individuals to travel. The idea of a journey with fun filled experience can also prompt an encouragement to travel and explore destinations. There are numerous journey narratives exposed starting from early childhood years. Journey narratives are stories which are structured around a physical journey. Along the way individuals reflect and grow to develop a stronger understanding of self. For instance contemporary narratives of Eat Pray Love or Lord of the Rings. Characters undertake a journey in order to discover a purpose through the meaningful experiences occurred on the way. These encourage a desire for otherness a nd difference attracting the explorer and drifter tourists. This is due to the fact such tourists do not mind getting off the beaten tracks, leaving the environmental bubble voluntarily and preferring a novelty experience (Cohen 2004). Many of these media have influenced young individuals to travel as they have gotten older. Thus children’s stories are a major motivator for individuals to travel as it’s the first contact many individuals have in terms of media and tourism. Additionally, journey narratives are powerful motivators as individuals seek out tourism destinations. Riley et al (1992)  have distinguished the downsides of main concern as the exploitation of locals and visitors, expanding costs, absence of readiness of locals when managing with the high tourist influx, the way the location differs from the way it is portrayed in the forms of media bringing about a loss of tourist fulfilment and satisfaction and the various effects of souvenir hunters particularly those who consume signs and markers. These components rela te to the film induced tourism audience and ever expanding tourist visitations to such locations. An important and ambiguous issue to be considered when arguing views of film induced tourism is that of the actual versus the envisioned images as created by the media. Butler (1990) indicates that in a number of times films are not shot at the locations they imply to be. For instance the Philippines was adopted to portray Vietnam in the 1986 Vietnam War film Platoon. This then creates a condition where the general audience are constructing their knowledge on false information and developing false expectations and desires of destinations they decide to visit. It can be argued that much of the expectations in tourism is created with what is presented and viewed in the media. These expectations are developed overtime due to the mass promotions, guidebooks and stories of tourism travel from documentaries and films. The information provided is usually of implied promises. Boorstin (1972) suggests these pseudo-events are responsible for the inauthenticity of the tourism industry. Commentators suggest that media tourism is a clear example of post-tourism (Smith et al, 2010 p.74) and the visitor perspectives of locations are somewhat of a giant cinema screen suggesting the inauthenticity of a place. Consequently, resulting in tourists’ dissatisfaction with their travel experiences. As an outcome tension is created and discourages tourists from visiting certain destinations. A further case of the immediate complications that media production can bring can be evident in Thailand. Here 20th century Fox filmed The Beach. In order to prepare the site for production and to begin filming the beach was demolished and widened with much of the native vegetation and a mass amount of rubbish from the isolated beach also being removed. The destruction of the natural environment became a major concern. The landscape was modified so â€Å"the global cinematic audience is offered an idealised journey in a fantasy space, one based on a ‘dream’ of the tropic s† (Law et al 2007). In doing so Higgins-Desbiolles (2001) claims it tarnished  the Thai Government, damaged the reputation of Twentieth Century Fox, sparked a desire for travel within the young fan base and opened up the opportunities for companies to promote themselves. However, the major benefit that came out of this production was that it boosted the Thailand economy by an estimated US$150000. Clearly the media plays a role in both encouraging and discouraging tourists to visit certain destinations based on their tourist gazes. The tourist gaze was founded by Urry who outlines is a visual nature of tourism. It refers to â€Å"the way in which tourists seek out and consume visual images and the means by which the tourism industry organises and directs this consumption† (Smith 2010 p.174). The gaze can be seen as having a positive outcome on tourism destinations. Bruno (1997) explains that viewers of media are in a way acting like tourists. Having viewed certain television shows such as The Amazing Race the audience feel a compelling motivation to go and travel as well due to the depicted images in the show. However, it can also demotivate in terms of negative publicity placed on certain locations. For instance many individuals avoid the Midd le East regions due to sudden eruptions of conflict such as war and terrorist attacks. Many news reports have displayed images of such risks. This information is then publicly revealed to a mass audience including potential tourists. Resulting in tourists rethinking about their destination choices and seeking other locations instead. Tourism is a key component of popular culture and is fed and feeds from the media which both circulates and produces culture. The power of media especially film and television can motivate travellers, create new images, alter negative images and create and placing icons on maps is recognised as a major factor in promoting tourism travel. Through the analysis of the film The Beach as well as various researchers including Law, Smith and Urry a further understanding is established in terms of media and the influence it can have on tourism whether in positive or negative conducts. As evident media does play a major role in deciding tourist destinations. Reference List Boorstin, D.J 1972, The Image: A Guide to Pseudi Events in America, Atheneum, New York. Butler, R.W 1990, ‘The influence of the media in shaping international tourist patterns’, Tourism Recreation Research, vol. 15, no. 2, pp.46–53. Cohen, E 2004, Toward a sociology of international tourism, in Contemporary tourism: diversity and change, Elsevier, Boston, MA, pp. 37-47. Higgins-Desbiolles, F 2001, Battlelines on ‘The Beach’: Tourism and globalisation. Policy, Organisation and Society Special Edition: Different Globalisations, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 116–138. Law, L., Bunnell, T. and Ong, C 2007, ‘The Beach, the gaze and film tourism’, Tourist Studies, vol 7, no. 2, pp. 141-164. MacCannell, D 1976, A semiotic of attraction, in The tourist: a new theory of the leisure class, Schocken Books, New York, pp. 109-33. Riley, R. VanDoren, C.S 1992, Movies as tourism promotion: A ‘pull’ factor in a ‘push’ location. Tourism Management, September, pp. 267–274. ‘Film TV Tourism’ in Smith, M., MacLeod, N. and Hart Robertson, M 2010, Key Concepts in Tourist Studies. London, Thousand Oaks, New Delhi Singapore, SAGE, pp. 71-75.